高一复习课件
发布时间:2024-06-03 高一复习课件 复习课件高一复习课件。
通常老师在上课之前会带上教案课件,通常老师都会认真负责去设计好。教案反映了教师的教学理念是教学思路的具体体现,大家是不是担心写不好教案课件?我们准备了一份有关“高一复习课件”的资料希望能够帮到你们,拥抱成长追求卓越不断进步!
高一复习课件【篇1】
1.dating back to/from 始于,起源于,追溯到;此短语多用于一般现在时态中
This castle dates from the 14th century.这座城堡建于14世纪。
Our partnership dates back to 1960.我们从1960年就合伙了。
2.bury vt. 埋葬
Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine.
矿上发生意外事故时,许多矿工都被埋在地下。
专心致志于, 埋头于(in)
He buried himself in his work.
他埋头工作。
be buried in thought
沉思
3.with his face to the north 面向北方
with his face to the north属于“with+名词+介词短语”结构在句中常作状语,表示伴随动作或伴随性质。根据宾语和宾补之间的关系,还可以用现在分词或过去分词作宾补。
The weather was even colder with the wind blowing.
刮风了,天气更冷了。
He usually works in his study with the door locked.
他通常锁着门在书房工作。
4.test on试验,检验
Many people are against new drugs being tested on animals.
很多人都反对用动物做新药试验。
5.certain be sure和be certain后都可跟从句,但be sure的主语必须是人,而be certain的主语既可以是人又可以是物。
6.Some of the objects found in the grave give us an idea of how he was dressed when he was buried. 一些在墓穴中发现的物体让我们得知他被埋葬时的穿着。
该句为how引导的一个名词性从句作介词OF的宾语,介词后面跟一般均可接疑问词引起的从句。
1)He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.
2)Did she say anything about how the work was to be done?
7.amaze vt.使惊奇;使吃惊
Her knowledge amazes me.
她的学识令我吃惊。
Visitors were amazed at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade.
参观者对这城市过去十年中汽车制造工业的成就感到惊奇。
I was amazed by the news of George's sudden death.
听到乔治突然去逝的消息,我感到惊愕。
n.惊愕
He stood in amaze at the sight.
他看到那种景象, 惊愕得呆呆地站在那里。
8.distinction n.特点;特色;非凡;卓越
the chief distinction of Chinese food
中国食品的主要特征
a writer of distinction
一位卓越的作家
academic distinctions
学术上的荣誉
There is no appreciable distinction between the twins.
在这对孪生子之间看不出有什么明显的差别。
His distinction of sound is excellent.
他辨别声音的能力很强。
His style lacks distinction.
他的文体缺乏个性。
9.dozen n.一打,12个
I want a dozen of pencils, please!
劳驾,我要一打铅笔。(缩写为: doz)
dozens of
许多
There were dozens of people there.
那里有许多人。
10.Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal
当表示地点的介词词组在句首时,主谓倒装
1).At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
2).The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.
3).East of the lake lie two towns.
4).Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
11.spare adj.备用的
a spare tire
备用轮胎
多余的,剩余的
spare cash
余款
If you have a spare bed, may I stay tonight?
如果你有空床的话,今晚我可以留下吗?
Have you any spare time to help me?
你有空帮助我吗?
You can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet!
空闲时你就坐在这里读地毯吧!
v.节约, 节省, 不伤害, 宽恕, 分让, 提供给某人
Can you spare ten minutes?
你能抽出十分钟吗?
I have no time to spare.
我没有余暇。
spare no efforts [pains]
不遗余力
12.a variety of种种;各类
The shopping-centre sells a variety of goods.
这个购物中心出售许多种商品。
At school we learn a variety of things.
在学校我们学习各种东西。
He didn't come for a variety of reasons.
他因种种原因没来。
She made the children glad in a variety of ways.
她用各种方法使孩子们高兴。
13.tend vt.(常与to连用)有某种倾向;有…的趋势
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。
Laziness tends to poverty.
懒易致穷
Boys tend to be bigger than girls.
男孩的个子往往比女孩高大。
14.class n.阶级
class differences
阶级区分
Class differences can divide a nation.
阶级差异会造成国家的分裂。
lower-class life
低层阶级的生活
to travel third class
乘三等车(或舱)旅行
15.approximately adv.近似地, 大约
16.average n.平均数
The average of 4, 8, and 60 is 24.
4、8和60的平均数是24。
平均;平均水平
What is the average rainfall for August in your country?
你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少?
His results is the average.
他的成绩平平。
on (an) average通常;按平均
Wwe fail one student per year on average.
我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。
nvey vt.运送;运输
The truck conveyed machinery across the country.
这辆卡车在全国各地运送机器。
Wires convey electricity.
金属线导电。
通知;通报;传[表, 转]达
I will convey the information to him.
我将把这消息通知他。
I can't convey my feelings in words.
我的情感难以言表。
The ambassador personally conveyed the president's message to the premier.
大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候。
18.It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he may have had a hand in planning the monument; or in helping transport and pull up the stones.
很可能巨石王与这些石头有关,他可能参与策划建立这个纪念碑,或者帮助运输和竖起巨石。
vt., vi.(常与together, to, with连用)连接, 联合
The two towns are linked by a railway.
这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。
The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
20.have a hand in参与,插手,对某事物负部分责任
I can’t promise much. I’m not the only one that has a hand in things in this town.
我不能答应太多,镇里的事不是我一个人说了算。
21.may后加不定式(不带to)的完成式,表示对过去的推测,认为某事可能已发生。
He may have gone to the library.他可能去图书馆了。
22.In terms of technical development, people were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age.
就技术发展而言,人们正从石器时代过度到青铜器时代。
23.In terms of用……的话,以……的观点,就……而说
He thought of everything in terms of money.
他每件事都从钱的角度考虑。
In terms of money we’re quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
从钱的角度说我们相当富有,但就幸福而言则不然。
24.Bronze Age青铜时代。在距今50前后,在旧大陆的有些地区,首先是西亚地区,发明了铜的冶炼技术,开始制作铜器。最初为红铜,接着又在红铜中加锡或铅,成为青铜。这样人类进入青铜时代。
nflict n.
战争;战斗;冲突
conflict of interest
利益冲突
争论;抵触;论战
conflict between religion and science
宗教与科学之间的冲突
vi.冲突;争执;抵触
The two stories conflicted, so I did not know what to believe.
两个故事相冲突,我不知道相信哪一个。
ifact n.人工品, 赝品
27.It has been proven that the copper knives came from places as distant as Spain and western France.
现已证明铜刀来自西班牙和法国西部。
it为形式主语,真正主语为that从句,构成句型:“it+被动语态谓语动词+that从句”
这种结构常用来表示一种不指明是谁的议论或想法等:
it should be noted that their economy is still on downward slide.
值得注意的是,他们的经济仍在走下坡路。
It was thought highly likely that there would be an extraordinary session soon.
人们认为,最近很可能召开一次非常会议。
高一复习课件【篇2】
1. ask for directions 询问方向
2. give directions 指方向
3. in amusement 有趣地
to one’s amusement 使某人感到有趣的事
amusement park 游乐场
places of amusement 娱乐场所
do sth for amusement 为消遣而做某事
be amused at [by, with] 以...为乐; 对...觉得有趣/好笑
amuse oneself with 以...自娱
4. risk sth/ doing sth
run / take a risk (in doing sth) 冒险
at risk 处于危险中
at the risk of 冒着…的危险
at any risk 不顾一切
5. escape injury 幸免受伤
do an injury to sb 伤害某人
an injury to a person’s reputation 损毁某人的名誉
6. achieve success 获得成功,
achieve victory 获得胜利
achieve one’s purpose 达到目的
make great achievements 取得很大成就
7. learn about 了解
8. give a reason for doing sth 为做某事给个理由
9. go over the bridge 过桥
10. walk past 走过
11. lead to 通往; 导致
13. a collection of 集…为一体的;许多的
14. be based on 以…为依据
15. China’s fifty-five minorities 中国的五十六个民族
16. combine…with… 把…和…结合起来
17. the opportunity to do sth 做某事的机会
18. be divided into 被分成
divide…into… 把…分成 (几份)
separate…from… 把…和…分隔
19. explore the past 探索过去
20. winged beauties 长翅膀的美丽生物
21. the first (+n) to do sth 第一个做某事的
22. step into 步入; 走进
23. go on rides 去玩车乘
24. What is it like to do sth? 做某事是什么样的感觉?
What does it feel like to do sth? 做某事是什么样的感觉?
25. It seems that+从句 好像…
26. get enough of 得到足够的; 玩够了
27. risk injury 冒着受伤的危险
28. carve…from+材料 用…雕刻成
be carved from 使用…雕刻成的
carve…with+工具 用…刻成的
29. art works 艺术作品
Lu Xun’s works 鲁迅作品集
A chemical works 一个化工厂
30. send up 发射
31. attend a meeting 出席会议
32. get /fall sick/ill 生病;病倒
33. cut off the electricity 切断电源
34. a seven-day ticket 一张七天的票
35. go through 经历;经受
36. race against sb. 与….比赛
37. thrill ride 动感电影
38. give sb a thrill 为某人刺激
39. send…into space 把…送入太空
40. get started 开始
41. a description of 对…的描写
42. focus on 聚焦于
Workbook
1. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事=manage to do sth
2. by one’s own effort 靠自己的努力
3. get a wonderful view of 对…尽收眼底
4. it is believed that 人们相信/认为
5. meet the goal 达到目的
高一复习课件【篇3】
send sb. into a fever of excitement使某人感到极度兴奋
2 energy n.精力, 活力; [pl. ]干劲, 劲头, 力气, 能力【物】能, 能量
force strength power energy都含“力”的意思。
force强调“力所产生的实际效果”, 如:
The law should remain in force.法律应当有效力。
strength 指“体力”、“力量”、“强度”, 如:
He is a man of great strength。他是 个大力士。
power 指“能力”、“权力”, 着重“行动所根据的能力或职权”, 如:
It's beyond my power.它超出了我的职权。
energy 原是物理学上的术语“能量”, 用于人时则指“精力”, 如:
He worked with great energy.他以巨大的精力工作。
She had to make a choice between the two dresses.她得在两件衣服中选择一件。
She is the people's choice for Prime Minister.她是人民选出来的首相。
常用短语:a great choice of大量可供选择的 (物品等)
have no choice but[后跟动词不定式]非...不可, 除...之外别无他法
choose vt., vi.chose, chosen, choosing
Who did you choose as the new member of the construction committee?
你选谁当建设委员会的新委员?
She chose to study chemistry.她选择了学化学。
choose three from [among, out of] these books从这些书中选三本书
C-me a good hoe.替我选一把好锄头。
决定;拿定主意;愿意, 宁愿 [后跟不定式]
He chose not to go home.他决定不回家了。
His uncle chose to settle in the countryside.他叔父决意在乡下定居。
chose to fly rather than drive.决定乘飞机去而不是开车去
This food is not fit for your visitors.这食物对你的客人来说不合适。
“After the interview, the employer concluded that she was fit for the job.”
面试后老板下结论说她能胜任这项工作。
Do you feel fit?你觉得身体好吗?
He runs to keep fit.他跑步为了保持健康。
Her new shoes didn't fit so she took them back to the shop and changed them for another pair.
“她那双新鞋不合穿,所以她去商店换了一双。”
Your clothes fit well.你的衣服很合身。
This coat's a beautiful fit to you.这件外衣对你非常合身。
安装;装备 fit。。。on。。。
to fit new locks on the doors给门装上新锁
Her height fitted her for basketball.她身材高适合打篮球。
1)We must find carpets that’ll _________the curtains.
2)The new coat ________me well.
3) No one can ________her in knowledge of classical music.
4) He ________his speech to his audience
He quickly gained experience.他很快就有经验了。
Only after ten years in the country did she gain her citizenship.
她在这个国家住了十年后才取得了公民身份。
He gained weight after his illness.病后他的体重增加了。
His bad behaviour caused his parents a great deal of pain.
他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。
cn痛;疼痛He had a pain in his head.他头疼。
He has pains / a pain / pain in the shoulders.他两肩痛疼。
She's a real pain.她真是一个令人讨厌的人。
(pl) 辛苦;努力“No pains, no gains.; No gains without pains.(谚)”不劳则无获。
We must give him sth. for his pains.我们必须给他点什么以便酬报他的辛劳。
常用短语:give sb. a pain[美]令人讨厌, 惹人生气, 使人感到不舒服
No pains, no gains[谚]不劳无获。
take pains费尽力气, 煞费苦心, 尽力设法 with great pain煞费苦心地
There's a little bit of time left.只剩一点儿时间了。
He dug the garden bit by bit.他一点一点地挖园子。
片刻Wait a bit!稍等片刻!
I was just going out for a bit when my uncle came.我正打算出去一会儿,可我舅舅来了。
有点;稍微The modern opera was a bit of a disappointment; we expected it to be much better.
这部现代歌剧有点令人失望,比我们想象中的差得多。
I'm a little bit tired. Let's take a short rest.我有点累了。让我们休息一会儿。
a bit (of) 一点儿也(不)I'm not a bit tired now.我现在一点儿也不累。
A: Sorry to have bothered you. B: Not a bit (of it).
Really, David is not a bit like his brother as far as generosity is concerned.
的确,就慷慨大方这一点来说,大卫确实一点也不象他哥哥。
10 base n.
底部, 基础, 根据地, 基地, 本部, 基数, (运动)出发点
vt.以...作基础, 基于...
adj.卑鄙的, 低级的,伪造的 a base coin伪造的硬币
That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.
这个公司的办事处遍布全世界,但本部在巴黎。
vt.based, basing(与on, upon连用)根据;基于
This news report is based entirely on fact.这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。
11 probable adj.
A storm is probable today.今天可能会有暴风雨。
It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。
likely possible probable意思都含“可能的”。
likely 系常用词, 指“从表面迹象来看很有可能”, 如:
She is not likely to come next month.她下月很可能不来。
possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法, 某事可能发生或做到”, 强调“客观上有可能”, 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思, 如:
It is possible to go to the moon now.现在有可能登上月球。
probable 语气比 possible 强, 指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物, 带有‘大概’、‘很可能’”的意思, 如:
l don't think the story is probable.我觉得那故事不大可能。
My new dress is similar to the one you have.我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
All big cities are quite similar.所有的大城市差不多大同小异。
13 respect n.
to show respect to those who are older尊敬长者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.
学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。
Give my respects to your wife.请代我向你太太问好。
have respect to牵 涉到, 关系到;注意到, 考虑到
His custom was to get up early and have a cold bath.
他的习惯是早起,然后洗个冷水澡。
At the airport; the customs officers searched his case.在机场,海关人员检查了他的箱子。
Habit custom都含“习惯”的意思。
habit 指 “个人由于自然条件、社会环境、爱好或经常接触而导致习以为常的行为或特性”, 如:Smoking is a bad habit.抽烟是种坏习惯。
to have habit of smoking during meals有吃饭时吸烟的习惯
It is not easy to break off a bad habit.要改掉一个坏习惯不容易。
custom 指“经过一段时期在某人、一国、一地区或一个社会中形成的传统的习惯或风俗”, 如:In China the custom prevails in eating dumplings on New Year's Eve.
在中国, 除夕晚上吃饺子的风俗很盛行。
Smoking is not allowed here.此处不准吸烟。
Allow me to introduce Miss Mary.请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。
The government servants aren't allowed to accept rewards.公务员不得接受酬谢。
allowed him £1000 for expenses给他每年1000 英镑的开销
We must allow that he is a good teacher. (We must allow him to be a good teacher.)
我们应当承认他是位好老师。
We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验。
It takes about two hours to get to their office building, allowing for possible traffic delays.
考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。
The situations allow of no excuse.形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。
He asked his father's opinion about his plans.他征求爸爸对他的计划的意见。
In my opinion, you're wrong.依我看,你错了。
What's your opinion?你的看法如何?
常用短语:in one's opinion按某人的意见, 据某人看来
4 the common people老百姓 common knowledge常识
common characteristic共同特点 common beam标准天平; 标准
common ordinary general都含“普通的”意思。
common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”, 如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”, 如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”, 如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的, 不是为专家写的。normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,
如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温
The fish we caught is still alive.我们捉的鱼还活着。
In most cases, both parents were still alive and still married to each other.
大多数情况下,他们的父母都还活着,而且仍然保持着婚姻关系。
Although old she is still very much alive.她虽已年迈,但仍很活跃。
The argument was kept alive by the politicians.政治家们还在继续争论那件事
The dead tree is alive with insects.这棵枯树上爬满了昆虫。
Living alive live意思都含“活的”。
living 用于生物时, 指“活着的”, 如:
Shelly was still living when Keats died.济慈死时, 雪莱还在世。
alive 指“活着的”、“在世的”, 着重于状态, 它用作表语, 或放有名词或代词后作定语, 如:
The spy was caught alive though he died from wounds the next day.
特务被活捉, 不过第二天便因重伤而死。
live 只用于物, 指“活的”, 如:
a live rat一只活鼠。
窍门; 诀窍to learn the tricks of the trade
圈套; 诡计He got the money from me by a trick.他用诡计骗走了我的钱。
恶作剧 The children played a trick on their teacher.孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。
He tricked me into giving him the money.他哄骗我给了他钱。
play a trick on a sb.诈骗某人; 开某人玩笑
trick sb. into [out of]骗人去...[骗取 ...]
7 give away背弃, 出买;泄露(秘密), 暴露; 赠送, 分送; 颁发
Give the money out to the children.把钱分给孩子们。
Our food supply at last give out.我们的食物终于用完了。
His strength gave out.他已精疲力竭。
It was given out that he was dead.他的死讯已经公布。
We gave him over to the police.我们把他交给了警方。
8 take in收留,收容(某人);包括;囊括;包含;改短(衣服);缩减尺寸;了解领悟;欺骗;蒙骗You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments.
你也可以将一些著名的纪念性建筑包括在参观的项目中。
take after相似She takes after her mother.她长得像她妈妈。
We must not take it for granted that the board of the directors will approve of the investment plan.我们决不可想当然地认为董事会一定会批准这个投资计划的。
The plane took off at three o'clock.飞机三点钟起飞了。
Why don't you take on sb. your own size?你怎么不跟和你一样高的人较量?
1 missing adj.失去的, 不见了的, 下落不明的, 失踪的, 错过的
There is a page missing.缺少一页。
3 after all in all above all at all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如: But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
A clock must above all keeps good time.时钟最重要的是必须走得准。
after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如: After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。
He is,after all,a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all.他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如:
He doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。
4 matter n.
事件, 问题, 物质, 内容, 实质, 原因, (印刷或书写的)文件, (文章或讲话等的)素材
It doesn't matter if you are late.你如果迟到也没关系。
What does it matter ?那有什么关系?
It does not matter (if ...)(即使...也)不要紧
It doesn't matter about the price; buy it, whatever it costs.
价钱没什么关系; 不论多少钱都买。
常用短语:as a matter of fact实际上, 不瞒你说, 确实, 事实是
6 on one’s /the way to (doing) sth. 正在做某事的过程中
表示时间”临近”的短语: be approaching;be coming;be on the way
by the way 顺便问一下 in the way 防碍,挡道 under way在进行中, 发生; 在航行中
in this/that way以这/那种方式 in many ways在许多方面
by way of途经by way of London途经伦敦 out of the way反常的;异常的
feel one's way谨慎小心地进行 fight one's way奋斗前进, 打开一条道路
force one's way挤(出去), 冲(出去) give way (to)让步; 退让;让位于
make one's (own) way前进, 繁荣, 兴隆; 发迹, 飞黄腾达
in a way有几分, 稍微; 在某一方面; 在某种意义上; 在某种程度上
in any way无论如何, 在任何情况下 in no way决不, 无论如何不
reduce the production cost降低生产成本
His carelessness cost him his life
8 for this once (=for once, just for once)就这一次; 破例一回
once again再一次 once and again一再, 再三
9 call on号召;呼吁;邀请;拜访;请求I'll call on him tomorrow.明天我去拜访他。
My chauffeur will call for you at seven.我的汽车司机七点钟会到你那儿去取
The occasion calls for a cool head.这种场合需要冷静的头脑。
The meeting has been called off.会议取消了。
call up召集;动员;使人想起 (= call upon)传人到法庭; 应征入伍; 打电话;
calling in silver dollars.回收银币 call in a specialist.邀请一个专家
Our plan certainly paid off; it was a great idea.
“我们的计划当然成功了,那是个很好的主意。”
pay back报复 (= pay off, pay out, serve out)
I'll certainly pay you back for what you did to me!
How can I pay you back for all your kindness?你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢?
attend to倾听, 注意, 留心;关心, 照顾, 护理; 办理
高一复习课件【篇4】
Subject: English Grade One, Class Six Class Time :Monday, August 23,
Revision(Unit13-17)
------- Focusing on the key phrases and structures
Teaching goals
1. Help students strengthen what they have learnt in the past half term
2. Make them relaxed fully in order that they can deal with the coming exam at their best.
3. Make them have a further understanding about some key structures.
Teaching important points
1.How to motivate our students when they are playing the games
2.How to help them to keep the key phrases and structures by heart efficiently.
Teaching difficult points
1. How to keep the activities well organized and how to clarify some complicated structures.
2. How to give the instructions simply and clearly
Class Type
I am making for a new way to review language knowledge more efficiently
Teaching methods
1. Communicative teaching methods
2. Integrate competitions into the process of reviewing
3. Group work.
4. Induce students to analyze some key structures
5. Strengthen the teaching effects by giving them great encouragement.
Teaching aids
Papers, blackboard, slide projector
Homework
Prepare themselves for the coming examination
Summary after Class
The goals made before class have been reached quite well. The students took part in the games actively. They are quite pleased to accept this way of teaching.. However, the amount of knowledge they have really learnt by heart is a little less than we have anticipated beforehand . So we have to admit the fact that it is rather difficult to combine the communicative teaching ways with the current teaching conditions, in which we have such a large class including fifty-six students or so and the great pressure coming from the miscellaneous examinations.
Teaching procedure
Step 1 A competition for key phrases(10 minutes)
T: Good morning, boys and girls .Have you prepared well for the coming exam? Do you feel a little nervous about that ? Now let’s relax ourselves together. We will have a competition. We have four unknown slides. They are slide A, slide B, slide C, and slide D. Each slide has six phrases in Chinese on itself. In our class we have four groups. Every group can get a slide by drawing lots(抽签).In the end , we will see which group can translate all of these phrases into English correctly., Ok , now every group will send a student out to choose your slide.
Group 4 : (A)junk food, ought to , plenty of , keep up with , make a choice, now and then
Group 1: (B)dress up, in one’s opinion, play a joke on sb., take in, call on, bring back
Group 3: (C)pay off, at most, act out, a great deal of , a number of , pick out
Group 2: (D)around the corner, come to terms with, die down, day and night, take possession of, make up
T: Good job. You have finished it very well except for only one mistake. Group 3 have mixed up two phrases.
We should pay attention to the answer to NO.4 in the slide C, The right answer should be ”a number of”. And the answer to NO.5 in the slide C should be “a great deal of ”. Let’ look at another slide.
T: Group1, Group2, Group4 each have got 10 points. Congratulations! Group 3 has got 5 points. Try harder, guys.
Step 2 Design a form about those modal verbs which are used to express possibility.(18minutes)
T: Our competition will continue. We have learnt that “must , can/could, may/might “can be used to express possibility.
Can you try designing a form to make it clear how to use them in different sentence styles and different tenses. Group members should work together to get the best one in your group. Give you ten minutes to prepare for it.
T: Ok, the time is up. You can’t change it any more. Different groups can exchange your forms, and let’ s compare them with each other. Oh, which do you think is the best one?
Ss: We have agreed on the form made by group 3 .
T: Let’s have a look at it with the projector.
Modal verbs to Tenses
express guess or possibility Present
Or
Future
Present continuous Past
Or
perfect
Positive
sentences must:: very sure, certain
may
might perhaps, maybe
could possible
Modal
verb
+do/be
Modal verb
+be doing
Modal verb
+have done
Negative
sentences Can’t very sure
Couldn’t it is impossible
May not perhaps
Might not not
Question
sentences
Can/could
T: Well done. Your group deserve another ten points and the other three groups each have got five points
Pay attention to two points: (1)“mustn’t” means “You shouldn’t do it”, or “you are forbidden to do something.”. If you want to express you are sure that something is impossible, you should use “ can’t or couldn’t” to say that.(2)Look at the following examples.
a. He must be a student, isn’t he?
b. He must have finished it, hasn’t he?
c. He must have done it yesterday, didn’t he?
If we write the first part of each sentence without “must”, we’ll get three sentences like these.
a’. He is a student b’. He has finished it. c. He did it yesterday.
We got the second part of a, b, c from the sentences a’,b’,c’. Actually, we don’t try to guess any more in the second part of Sentence a, b, c.
Step 3 A game named “single or plural”(15mintues)
T: The following game is still played among groups. The knowledge you will use in this game is Subject-verb agreement.
T:(facing the group 1) Let’ s take Group 1 as an example. I have some phrases for your group members which can be used as subjects. As soon as I tell you one, you should tell me whether its predicate verb is single or plural. I will tell you my phrases one by one and you guys give me your answers one by one. You must do it as quickly as possible because you have only three minutes. Within three minutes, the group who has got the most correct answers is the winner Let’s have a try.
T: physics
S1: single
T: a library together with books
S2: single
T: not only the teacher but also the students
S: plural
… … …
… … …
T: Do you know the rule of the game , S10? Can you tell us something about it?
S10: Yes.I think every student has a chance to take part in the game. It’s very exciting.
T: Quite right. Remember only your first answer makes sense. Anyone can not answer it twice in the same round.
T: When one student is telling his answer, others should keep quiet. Let’ s start our game from group 4.
(maths, the number of students , a number of students, everything, both A and B, half of the food, half of the students, fifty percent of the population, ten pounds, works, every possible means , a clerk and secretary, every boy and every girl, more than one , many a , the pair of glasses, the glasses, bread and butter, the United States, cattle …)
T: Ok, the game is over. Group1 has got 15 points ,.Group 2 has gained 17 points. Group 3 has got 21points. Group 4 has scored 14 points.
Step 4 Summary(1minutes)
Let’s look at our score board
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
30 32 36 29
T: Congratulations. Group 3 win the game at last.
Step 2 Homework(1minutes)
I will assign you nothing for homework. Just remember to prepare yourself for the coming examination. Keep yourself in a high spirit and never forget to relax yourself now and then.
高一复习课件【篇5】
Britain and Ireland
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ . 词汇学习
match , republic , separate , stand for , be made up of , coal mine , especially , live on, go bad , die of , hunger , keep in touch with , lead , church , fond , be fond of , lead a simple life , play a part in , coat , Asia , shoot , nationality , generally , divide , divide … into… , sort , all sorts of, main , mainly , disease , poem , continent , ocean , agriculture , production , puzzled , UK , kingdom , countryside
Ⅱ . 交际英语
人物识别
1 . Are you from … ?
2 . Where are you from ?
3 . What are you ?
4 . I'm ( from ) …
Ⅲ . 语法学习
“形否意肯”句式举例
英语中有些句子形式是否定的,但表示的意义却是肯定的。
※ 否定疑问句表达肯定语气。如:
Look at the picture . Can't you see the bird ?
You are students , aren't you ?
※ 在回答前否定后肯定的反意疑问句或否定疑问句时,yes 可译为否定的 , no 可译为肯定的。如
- You aren't late , are you ?
- No , we aren't .
- Can't you see ?
- No , I can't .
※ 回答 mind 组成的疑问句,否定可译成肯定。如:
- Would you mind opening the windows ?
- Certainly not .
※ 含有 not…until 的句子。如:
We didn't go to be until eleven last night .
Mary didn't go until Xiao Ming came back .
※ 含有 no , nothing , nobody 等否定词的句子和 but 连用时。如:
There is nobody but Tom in the classroom .
Nothing but this can make toe old man happy .
※ 双重否定表示肯定。如:
Nothing can live without water .
We can't finish the work without their help .
It's never too old to learn .
※ 用 can't help + doing 句型。如:We can't help laughing .
【指点迷津】
“打在某人某个部位”的句式
“打在某人某个部位”一般用于下列句式 ( 即整体,后部分 ) :hit + sb . ( 整体 ) + 介词 ( 可根据其不同的宾语而变换 ) + the + 部位。综上所述,“英语中把接受动作的人作宾语,而用介词短语说明接触到的人体某一部位”。如:
( 1 ) his sb . on the shoulder / nose / head / 找在某人的肩膀上 / 鼻子上 / 头上
pat sb . on the shoulder / head 拍某人的肩膀 / 头
touch sb . on the shoulder / nose / head 触摸某人的肩膀 / 鼻子 / 头
slap sb . on the face 打了某人一耳光
注:on 表示接受的是“打、击、拍、碰、吻”等触及动作,其中有的动作比较猛烈。
He hit the boy on the nose . 他击中了那个男孩的鼻子。
( 2 ) hit / strike sb . in the face / chest / side 打在某人的脸上 / 胸部 / 腰部
注:in 表示接受的是“打、掴、直视”等非温和性的动作,一般说来,这些动作比 on 所表示的程度更强烈此。例如:
He looked me in the eye , and asked …
The bullet wounded him in the shoulder .
take / catch / seize sb . by the hand / arm / sleeve 抓住某人的手 / 胳臂 / 袖子
注:by 表示接受的是“拉、抓、握、捏、领”等非猛列性的动作,它一般是用来指手的动作。如:
He looked me in the eye , and asked . . .
The bullet wounded him in the shoulder .
( 3 ) take / catch / seize sb . by the hand / arm / sleeve 抓住某人的手 / 胳臂 / 袖子
pull sb . by the hand / arm / sleeve 拉住某人的手 / 胳臂 / 袖子
注:by 表示接受的是“拉、抓、握、捏、领”等非猛烈性的动作,它一般是用来指手的动作。如:
I took him by the arm .
He pulled me by the leg .
如果主语和宾语是同一个人,则一般不同这种特殊的表达方式。如:
He patted his own head with his hand .
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . divide 分开;被分开
This river divides ( separates ) our village into two parts .
The teacher divided ( separated ) the clever pupils from the stupid pupils .
〖点拨〗divide … into = separate … into 把……分成……be divide into = be separated into 被分成 divide A from B = separate A from B 把 A 与 B 分开
separate 与 divide 的区别
separate ( 分开,隔开 ) ,侧重表示把原来在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来,分开后的部分具有相对的独立性。如:
The teacher separated the boys from girls .
The children are separating the good apples from the bad ones .
divide ( 划开,分开 ) ,指把某一整体按一定大小、比例分成若干部分,还有“自然划分”之意。如:
He divided the apple into four parts .
The fence divides their land from ours .
The class is divided into several groups .
A year is divided into four seasons : spring , summer , autumn , and winter .
2 . shoot 射击;发射;射杀;射中;射伤 shoot at ( sb . or sth . ) 向……射击 be shot in the head 头部中弹 shoot sb . ( dead ) 击毙某人 shoot at the basket 篮球运动投篮
〖点拨〗shoot 与 shoot at
shoot 作及物动词时,意思是“射中” ( 用枪 ) 打死或打伤。shoot at 是以某人或某物为目标进行射击,不一定击中。
He shot at a bird , but didn't shoot it . 他朝一只鸟射击,但并未命中。
3 . puzzled 边惑的;困惑的
There was a puzzled expression on his face . 他的脸上露出迷惑不解的表情。
I am puzzled what to do next ( how to answer ) . 我不知道下一步该怎么办
〖点拨〗puzzling 令人迷惑不解的。That's a puzzling problem .
4 . nationality 国籍
What nationality is this man ?
He has British nationality .
5 . generally 一般地,通常地,普遍地
British children generally have lunch at school .
I generally get up at seven .
It is generally believed that smoking is had for the health .
〖点拨〗in general 大体上
6 . especially 特别地,尤其
It has been especially hot this week .
She is especially interested in painting .
Tom loves all fruit , especially bananas .
〖点拨〗especially 强调超出一般的程度性。specially 强调特定的目的性。
单元词组思维运用
1 . part of - ……的一部分
Scotland is part of Britain .
It's part of my duty to note down the main points of the speeches at the meeting .
[ 注意 ]也可用 a part of 表示“……的一部分”。如:
There is but one China and Taiwan has been a part of China since ancient times .
Macao is part of China , which if forty miles from Hong Kong .
2 . be puzzled - 弄糊涂了,感到迷惑不解
He was puzzled how to act .
I was puzzled with the question .
3 . stand for - 代表,象征
The letters“UK”stand for“The United Kingdom of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland . ”
The sign X stands for an unknown number .
Each star of the flag of the United States stands for a state of the nation .
4 . be made up - 由……组 ( 构 ) 成
New England is made up of six states .
Clouds are made up of little drops of water .
A TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts .
The medical team is made up of five doctors and three nurses .
The cake is made up of flour , butter , eggs and sugar .
注意:be made up of 是 make up 的被动结构,of 后面跟名词复数形式。如:
Eleven players make up a football team .
A football team is made up of eleven players .
5 . be famous for - 因…而闻名
France is famous for its food and wine .
He is famous for learning .
辨析:famous 与 well - known 同义,不过 famous 词义强,出名的地区较大,时间较大,而且多用于好的意思;well - known 既可用于好的意思,也可用于坏的意思。如:
6 . be about to - 即将,正要
I am about to leave the office .
She was about to leave when the postman arrived .
The English Evening is about to begin . 英语晚会即将开始
注意:be about to 这个词组所在的句子中,不可用表示时间的词语。
7 . have a population of - 拥有……人口
London has a population of seven million .
A recent report said that Taiwan has a population of over 21 million , of which 97% are of Han nationality .
8 . live on 以……为主食,靠……生活
They live on poor food .
People in south China live mainly on rice .
He lives on $50 a month .
He lost his job and had to live on his wife's income .
[ 注意 ]live by sth . ( doing sth . ) 也是“靠……为生”如:
The blind man lived by begging .
They live by honest labour .
9 . go bad - 变坏
Fish soon goes bad in hot weather .
You can't drink the milk in the cup . It has gone bad .
注意:go 有时可用作联系动词,后接形容词,表示变成某种状态。常指变坏,出问题等。如:
His wife went mad .
Has anything gone wrong with the machine ?
10 . tens of thousands of - 数以万计的,好几万 = thousands upon thousands of
Tens of thousands of deer are kept in the nature park .
Tens of thousands of foreigners come to visit China every year .
11 . keep in touch with 与 -- 保持联系
Do keep in touch with us by writing to us regularly .
Write to me as often as you can , I want to keep in touch with you .
A newspaper keeps one in touch with the world .
注意:这个词组的反义是 be out of touch with , 和 lose touch with .
I don't want to lose touch with you .
有关 touch 的短语:bring sb . into touch with…使某人与……接触 / get in ( into ) touch with…与……取得联系
12 . lead / live a…life - 过着……的生活 ( 日子 )
Tom led / lived a simple life those days .
We are leading / living a happy life today .
In the old days he led a hard ( miserable ) life .
We lead a very quiet life .
13 . play a…part ( role ) in - 起……作用,扮演……角色
Marx played an important part in the revolutionary work .
Electricity plays an important part ( role ) in our daily life .
We must make them play their parts to the full .
14 . be fond of 喜爱
Are you fond of watching TV ?
注意:be fond 后不接不定式。
15 . get together 聚会,联欢
Families always get together on New Year Eve .
单元难点疑点思路明析
1 . The larger of the two islands is Britain , which lies to the east of Ireland . 较大的那个岛是不列颠,它在爱尔兰东面。
①这是一个非限制性定语从句,which lies to the east of Ireland 是修饰 Britain . 在书面语中,非限制性定语从句前常用逗号与主句分开。又如:
I gave him some bread , which he didn't eat at all .
He has to work on Sundays , which he doesn't like .
②The larger of two islands , 表示两者 ( 人 / 物 ) 之间“较 ( 大、小、高、矮等 ) 的一个”,用“the + 形容词比较级 + of + 名词”表示。如:
He is the older of the twins .
Tom is the younger of the two boys .
This is the more expensive of the two cameras .
Which is the more interesting of the two TV plays ?
③“the + 形容词最高级 + of + 名词”,指“三者以上最 ( 大、小、高、矮等 ) 的一个”。如:
She is the eldest of the three ( sisters ) .
Yesterday was the hottest day of the year .
She has got the most stamps of all the girls here .
2 . Many of the coal mines are about to be closed . 煤矿中的许多处即将被关闭。
①“be about to do”意思是“马上就要做”表示即将发生的行为,不能和时间状语连用。
Don't go out now - we're about to have lunch .
They are about to start . = They are just going to start .
②加上副词 just,使将来更有即时感。如:
Let's take our seats . The meeting is just about to begin .
③同样可用于过去时:
I was about to go to bed when here was a knock at the door .
④“be going to do”表示按计划安排准备做的事,或即将发生的事。其时间性没有 be about to 那样紧迫,另外,be going to do 可与时间状语连用。例如:
We're going to put up a building here .
Many of the coal mines are about to be closed next month . ( 错 )
Many of the coal nines are going to be closed next month . ( 对 )
煤矿中的许多处将在下月关闭。
3 . The southern part of the island is a separate country , called the Republic of Ireland with Dublin as its capital . 该岛南部则是另外一个国家,叫做爱尔兰共和国,首者是都柏林。
①called the Republic of Ireland 是一个过去分词短语,在句中作定语。如:
He was reading a book called“My Home Town . ”
To the west of Britain lies a large island , called Ireland .
②句中 with Dublin as its capital,是由“介词 with + 名词 + 介词短语”构成的复合结构,相当于一个定语从句。修饰前面的 the Republic of Ireland . 又如:
The woman with a baby in her arms is Wei Fang's sister .
A boy , with a football under his arm , rushed into the classroom .
In the middle of China lies Hubei province , with its capital on the Yangtze River . 但是,with 的这种复合结构更多的是作方式状语,表示伴随的动作或状态。
4 . Around 1850 , a terrible disease hit the potato crop , and potatoes went bad in the soil . 大约在1850年,土豆作物发生了一场可怕的病害,土豆全都烂在地里了。
①在表示“大约”什么时间时,around 和 about,或 round 的用法相同,可以互相替换。
②go 在句中用作连系动词。go bad 是“变坏”之意。
③hit 在句中表示“袭击,打击,使得某种事物受到损害或影响”。又如:
Last night a storm hit the city .
In 1978 , Iran was hit be a strong earthquake .
They were hard his by their failure .
The strike hit his business hard .
【妙文赏析】
Simple Things平常小事
I'm thankful for the simple things 感谢生活中平常的小事
in life that mean so much 它于我意味着太多太多
Like a small hand slipping into mine ; 如那纤纤素手悄悄握着我的手
Or a kitten's friendly touch… 如那小猫友好地触摸……
Like the sound of raindrops falling 如那深夜的雨滴
on my roof at 2 A . M ; 在屋顶上淅淅沥沥;
Or the song a bird is singing ; 如栖息在古老橡树枝头的小鸟
perched upon an old oak limb… 婉转鸣唱的一支歌……
Simple things like fragrant flowers 如那芬芳的花朵
blooming just outside my door ; 在我门前的灿灿开放;
Or the smell of clean , fresh pine scent 如母亲厨房的地板
Coming from Mom's kitchen floor… 散发出的清新的松木香……
Like the taste of home - fried chicken 如祖母常做的炸鸡
like my grandma used to make ; 香香的令人回味;
Or the colors in a rainbow 如那催开睡眼的咖啡
Lord , there's beauty in it all . 浓浓的溢满茶杯……
Simple things like seasons changing平常小常如季节的更替
winter , spring , then summer and fall ; 冬去春来夏逝秋莅
Or the colors in a rainbow 又如那绚丽彩虹
Lord , there's beauty in it all . 啊呀 ! 那是多么的美丽。
May I never take for granted 但愿我永不会把生活中的“平常小事”
all of life's “simplicities” ; 都理所当然地看作“平常”;
For they're gifts you chose to give me 它们都是您精选给我的礼物,
to fill all my memories . 它们充满着我记忆的橱窗。
〖赏析〗热爱生活,你会从平常中触摸到美丽;你会从细微中体会出伟大;你会从平凡中品味出永恒。有人说太阳每天都是新,你会说平常的小事不平常。
诗中反复吟唱的平常小事,是一首吉他的乐曲,或是一段二胡的乐曲,在你的心中缓缓奏起,引起共鸣。
【思维体操】
Can You Help Them ?
Three young sisters , Jane aged 17 , Jenny aged 18 , and Joyce aged 19 , are engaged to marry three professional men ( 专家 ) . The wedding ( 婚礼 ) ,however , never took place because they couldn't decide who was going to marry whom . they only know the following :
1 . John is a bank manager .
2 . Jenny is not engaged to the doctor .
3 . The teacher's future wife is not the eldest sister .
4 . Jack is engaged to the youngest sister .
5 . Joe is a doctor .
Can you help each of them find the right partner ?
答案:John is engaged to Jenny . Jack is engaged to Jane . Joe is engaged to Joyce .
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
“be made + 介词”
“be made + 介词”结构为一种被动结构,在英语中随处可见,介词不同,其含义和用法也不同。本文对此小结如下:
1 . be made of 意为“由……制成” ( 能看出成品所用的原材料 ) 。如:
The desk is made of wood .
2 . be made from 意为“由……制成” ( 看不出成品原材料 ) 。如:
This kind of paper is made from wood .
3 . be made by 意为“被 ( 由 ) ……制造”,by 后接动作的执行者。如:
The machine is made by Uncle Wang .
4 . be made in 意为“在某地制造”,in 后面接产地,这种结构用于产品标牌上为“Made in…”。如:
Made in China . 中国制造。
This kind of car is made in Japan .
5 . be made for 意为“为……制造的”。如:
The machine is made for the farmers .
6 . be made into 意为“……被制成……”。如:
Rice can be made into wine .
7 . be made after 意为“仿照……制成”。如:
This building is made after that one .
8 . be made up of 意为“由……构成”,强调事物的组成部分。如:
Our class is made up of fifty students .
针对练习:
1 . The bridge is made _______ stones .
2 . This kind of TV set is made ______ our factory .
3 . Glass is often made _______ bottles .
4 . Steel is made ______ iron ( 铁 ) .
5 . This kind of cars is made _______ the workers of the factory .
6 . These colour TV sets are made _______ the workers of the factory .
7 . The red skirt is made ______ my sister .
8 . Water is made ______ hydrogen ( 氢 ) and oxygen ( 氧 ) .
答案:1 . of 2 . in 3 . into 4 . from 5 . after 6 . by 7 . for 8 . up of
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
根据所给中文完成下列句子,每空填一词。
1 . 两个城市中上海更大些。
Shanghai is ______ ______ ______ ______ two cities .
2 . 日本位于中国的东边。
Japan ______ ______ the east of China .
3 . UN代表联合国。
UN _____ _____ _____ the United Nations .
4 . 中国因它久远的历史而闻名。
China ______ ______ ______ its long history .
5 . 当我小的时候我常和弟弟玩耍。
I ______ ______ ______ ______ my younger brother when I was a child .
6 . 我们的国家能够生产各种小汽车。
Our country can produce ______ ______ ______ cars .
7 . 在中国,北方人主食玉米和小麦,而南方人吃的是稻米。
People in North China ______ ______ corn and wheat , while those in South China _____ _____ rice .
8 . 在炎热的天气里鱼很快会变坏。
Fish soon ______ ______ in hot weather .
9 . 我要离开这儿三个月,请和我保持联系。
I'll be away for three months , please ______ ______ ______ ______ me .
10 . 我的父母在乡村过着安静的生活。
My parents ______ ______ ______ ______ in the countryside .
11 . 科学在我们生活中起着重要作用。
Science ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ our life .
12 . 他们喜欢跳舞。
They ______ ______ ______ ______ .
13 . 我原以为我们的英语老师是美国人呢。
I _____ our English teacher ______ ______ the U . S . A .
14 . 你我都没错。
_____ you _____ I _____ wrong .
15 . 大不列颠联合王国由四个地区组成。
The UK ______ ______ ______ ______ four parts .
16 . 把好的和坏的分开。
_____ the good ones _____ the bad ones .
答案:1 . the larger of the 2 . lies to 3 . stands for 4 . is famous for 5 . used to play with 6 . all sorts / kinds of 7 . live on ; live on 8 . goes bad 9 . keep in touch with 10 . lead / live a quiet life 11 . plays and important part in 12 . are fond of dancing 13 . thought ; was from 14 . Neither ; nor ; am 15 . is made up of 16 . Separate ; from
【创新园地】
按照所给的内容用英语简单介绍中国。
中国是世界上最大的国家之一:位于亚洲北部。周围的邻国有印度、尼泊尔、锡兰、俄罗斯、蒙古和朝鲜等。台湾和海南岛是两个孤立的岛屿。长江、黄河由西向东流入大海。有960万平方公里,人口13亿。中国虽有着悠久的历史,却是一个发展中国家。目前中国正在全力以赴追赶发达国家。
Note:印度India 尼泊尔Nepal 锡兰Sr lanka 俄罗斯 Russia 蒙古Mongolia 朝鲜Korean
创新园地答案:
China is one of the largest countries in the world . It lies in the north of Asia . Its neighbours and India Nepal . Sr Lanka . Russia . Mongolia . Korean and so on . Taiwan and Hainan islands are two separated islands , The Changjiang and the Yellow River flow into the sea from the west to the east . It has an area of 960 million square kilometres with population of 1 . 3 billion . Although China has a long history , it is still a developing country . She is trying her best to catch up with other developed countries .
四、同步题库
Ⅰ.完形填空
Britain and Ireland
What is the difference between the British Isles (岛),Britain,the United Kingdom and England? These terms are so often confused (弄混淆) by us.
The British isles is made up of two large(1):one is called Ireland and the other (2).Britain,or Great Britain,is the (3)of these two islands.and it is (4)into three parts:Scotland,Wales and England.
The United Kingdom is that(5)of the British Isles ruled over by the (6).It is made up of Scotland,Wales and England ,that is ,the (7)of Britain,and also about one-sixth of Ireland,the Northern part.The (8)of Ireland is self-governing.The(9)name of the United Kingdom is (10)“The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.”
(11)is larger and richer than Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland,and has the most (12)of the United Kingdom,so people often use the (13)“English”when they(14)“Britain”and“British”.This sometimes makes the Scots and the Welsh a little (15).The Scots in particular are very(16)of their separate nationality: they have their own legal(法律的)system, and (17)of their internal affairs(内部事务)are (18)by special Scottish department. The Welsh too do not regard (19)as English, and have a culture and even a (20)of their own.
Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801,but for forty years the“Irish (21)”was the greatest headache of the United Kingdom.(22),Ireland is divided into two: Northern Ireland still(23)to the United Kingdom, and in 1922 the rest of Ireland (24)to found an Irish free State, later called Eire and now the Republic of Ireland.
The Republic of Ireland does not regard itself as British. and is not now even a supporter of the Commonwealth of Nations(英联邦).Unlike the major Commonwealth countries it did not lift a finger to (25)British in the Second World War and now wants the whole of Ireland to be a republic.
1.untries B.islands C.states D.republics
2.A.Wales B.Britain C.England D.Scotland
3.A.stronger B.richer C.larger D.older
4.A.divided B.cut C.broken D.separated
5.A.piece B.island untry D.part
6.A.English B.government C.Queen D.king
7.A.south B.north C.part D.whole
8.A.smaller B.larger C.rest D.island
9.rrect B.true C.full plete
10.A.also B.therefore C.likely D.perhaps
11.A.The UK B.The British isles C.Great Britain D.England
12.lleges B.officials C.cities D.population
13.A.words B.names C.spellings nunciations
14.A.call B.forget C.mean D.write
15.A.angry B.difficult C.tired D.lonely
16.ud B.fond C.full D.kind
17.A.none B.some C.all D.few
18.A.separated B.played C.managed D.made
19.A.it B.Wales C.them D.themselves
20.A.capital B.language C.history grammes
21.untry B.Question C.Disease D.Republic
22.A.At last B.So C.Meanwhile D.Also
23.A.retruns B.belongs C.gets D.speaks
24.A.hoped B.refused C.broke away D.used
25.A.feel B.touch C.fight D.help
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(一)
Did anyone find the names of“Great Britain”,“the United Kingdom”,“England”and “the British commonwealth”which have the same meaning ? Strictly speaking,these names all refer to something different.None of them are exactly the same as any of the others.
The British isles refer to the main islands and several thousand small ones as well,which you can see on the map .Great Britain ,or Britain,refers to the larger of the two main islands.But the word“Britain”is often used as a short form for the United Kingdom or you call it the U.K.
Now as for England ,it refers simply to the largest of the three countries on the island of Great Britain.The United Kingdom is the name of the state and the official name of the country,which many people popularly refer to England. Finally,the Britain commonwealth is the usual name for what is left of the British Empire(帝国).This change shows the weakening of British Empire and the rising of the national liberation movements throughout the world today.
1.Which of the following is TRUE?
A.Great Britain has the same meaning as Britain.
B.The United Kingdom has the same meaning as Britain of England.
C.All the names in the first paragraph have the same meaning.
D.All the name refer to England.
2.Which of the following shows the right relationship(关系)between the Briti sh Isles (BI),Britain (B)and England (E)?
A.B>BI>E B.BI>E>B C.E>B>BI D.BI>B>E
3.It is clear that the Britain Isles refer to .
A.Britain,England and the U.K.
B.The two main islands and thousands of small ones
C.three countries and several islands
D.Great Britain or the United Kingdom
4.If you want to write to someone in Edinburgh which lied in Scotland,you should write the address as .
A.Edinburgh,England
B.Edinburgh,Great Britain
C.Scotland,Edinburgh,England
D.Great Britain,Scotland,Edinburgh
5.“The British commonwealth”has taken the place of“the British Empire”,f rom which we can see .
A.the British Empire is separating
B.the national liberation movements are rising
C.both A and B
D.neither A nor B
答案:1~5 ADBBC
(二)
In order to deal(对付)with one of the most pressing problems-congested traffic,the British city of Leeds is advising its citizens to share cars in rush hours.
As peak hour traffic floods into the city,many cars just contain the driver.Surveys show that there are more than four thousand empty seats in these cars each morning,which the city council(议会)want filling.So from now on, priority(好处)will be given to those envirommentally-conscious (有环境意识的) drivers who have taken at least one other person with them into work.One lane will be designated only for those vehicles(车辆)with two or more people;the other slower lane for the single ocupant(占有者).
6.According to this report which way do you think is the best to solve(解决)the congested traffic?The best way is .
A.not to allow cars, uses into the city
B.to have people go into the city after the rush hour
C.to reduce the numbers of cars entering the city
D.to reduce the people entering the city
7.If you are walking to the city of Leeds along the highway, you are easily .
A.brought up B.picked up C.knocked down D.called on
8.What's the meaning of the word“survey?”
A.观察 B.研究 C.估计 D.分析
9.If you want to get to the city as soon as possible,you should .
A.get up early and drive too fast
B.drive along the fast lane
C.have your car shared with somebody else
D.Both B and C
(三)
What's the difference between the British Isles(不列颠群岛),Britain,the United Kingdom and England?
The British Isles is made up of two large islands:One is called Ireland and the other Britain.Britain,or Great Britain,is the larger of these two islands,and it is divided into three parts:Scotland,Wales and England.
The United Kingdom(U.K.)is short for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.It is made up of Scotland,Wales,and England (i.e.the whole of Britain),and also about one-sixth of Ireland,the Northern part.The rest of Ireland is selfgoverning(自治的)。
England is the largest,most populous (人口众多的),and generally speaking,the richest section(=part).English people often use the words“England”and “English”when they mean“Britain”and “British”.This sometimes make the Scots and the Welsh angry.The Scots are very proud of (以……为骄傲) their separate nationality.The Welsh too do not consider themselves as English ,and have a culture and even a language of their own.Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1801,but is soon grew discontented(不满的),and for forty years the “Irish Question”was the greatest headach of British Parliament(国会).At last,Ireland divided itself into two:Northern Ireland remained loyal(忠诚于)to the Grown (英国王室),and in 1922 the rest of the country broke away to form an Irish Free State,now the Republic of Ireland.
10.Which is the largest in area?It is .
A.the British Isles B.Great Britain
C.the United Kingdom D.England
11.Which is the largest island of the British Isles?
A.Ireland B.Britain C.England D.Northern Ireland
12.The United Kingdom is mainly made up of .
A.3 parts:Scotland,Wales,and England
B.4 parts:Scotland;Wales,England and Ireland
C.2 parts:the whole of Britain and Ireland
D.2 parts:the whole of Britain and Northern Ireland
13.Strictly speaking(严格地说),which is wrong?
A.“English”refers (指)to people of England.
B.“The Scots”refers to people of Scotland.
C.“English”refers to all the people to the UK.
D.Only one-sixth of Ireland belongs to the UK.
14.Who will be glad if we use “England”when we mean Britain?
A.The British B.People of England
C.People of the Republic of Ireland. D.the Welsh
(四)
Husbands and Wives
“In the old days,”as one wife said,“the husband was the husband and the wife was the wife.”Husbands each had their own way of going on.the wives'jobs were to look after them.“The wives wouldn't stand for it nowadays(当今).Husbands help with the children now.They stay more in the home and have more interest in the home.”We shall give some examples of what husbands do ,firstly, in sharing work with their wives, and secondly, in their largely independent(独立的)domain(领域)of house repairs.
“Some husbands, as well as doing much of the heavy work in the home, carrying the coals and emptying the rubbish,act as assistants to their wives for at least part of the day.”Mr Hammond washes up the dishes every night and lays the breakfast for the morning. Mr clark said that on Sunday mornings he usually hoovered(吸尘)around for her while she did a bit of washing. Mr Davis polishes(擦亮)the floors and helps to make the beds at the weekends,and during the week takes the dog out for one of his twice-daily walks.So it goes on…
15.The words“act as assistant to their wives”mean that .
A.husbands read plays around
B.husbands are paid by their wives
C.husbands help their wives
D.husbands look after their sick children
16.One wife's words were .
A.before liberation men stayed at home all day
B.in the past,there was a clear division of roles in the family
C.in the past,most boys and girls were married
D.before liberation ,wives and husbands lived alone
17.What does Mr Davis do at the weedends?
A.He cleans the floor and makes the bedclothes tidy.
B.He reads plays aloud and does the weekly shopping.
C.He hangs about and sweeps beds out of wood.
D.He takes the dog out for a walk.
18.In the past ,the women's main jobs were to .
A.take the children to school
B.take care of their husbands
C.do the washing up
D.dig the garden
19.The passage is mainly about .
A.the division of husbands,wives and dogs
B.how to get on well with husbands and wives
C.the relationship between husbands,wives and children
D.the relationship between husbands and wives
Ⅲ.书面表达
阅读下列故事开头部分,然后根据你的想象完成故事。字数:120 个左右。开头部分不
计在内。
One day,on my way home I was stopped by a robber,whose face was covered with a piece of cloth,leaving his two eyes exposed.The robber ordered me to give him money at once.
…
答案:Ⅰ. 1~5 BBCAD 6~10 CDCCB 11~15 DDACA 16~20 ABCDB 21~25 BABCD Ⅱ.1~5 ADBBC 6~10 CBADA 11~14 BDCB 15~19 BABD Ⅲ.One day,on my way home I was stopped by a robber,whose face was covered with a piece of cloth,leaving his two eyes exposed .The robber ordered me to give him money at once.
At first,I gave him a ten-yuan note.But the money did not satisfy him.Instead,he raised his fist,threatening to beat me.This time I had to bring out more money--a 100-yuan note.But again he was not satisfied.He drew a knife upon me .Iwas forced to search all of my pockets,but now I had none left.
I had no choice but to raise my two fists to fight back.On seeing this ,the robber was so frightened that he dropped his knife and ran away as fast as he could.
It has given me a good lesson that if we each dare to fight back,such things will be avoided.
高一复习课件【篇6】
Cultural represent give in give up recreate damage limit stand for would rather compete point
The price includes transportation fee
There were six people in the room, including three womem.
There were six people in the room, three women included.
2.Give in 1)Vi, 投降。 屈服, 呈现(文件)vt
The nobels were forced to give in.
He has given in to my views.
Please give in you examination papers now.
3. limit n 极限,限制。Vt, adj,
Don’t excelled the speed limit. 不要超速。
You must try to limit your expense. 你要控制你的开支。
The problem is not limit to U.S.A 这个问题在美国是不受限制的。
limited, adj.
Our natural resources were very limited.
Limitless: My patience is limitless.
4. make (1) make it clear that-----
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
I will make him king.
The film made him famous.
The medicine made me feel better.
5.stand for (1)vt , be in favour of sth, support sth
What does the BC stand for?
We will stand for you if he fights with you.
I’d rather stay here.
Would rather----- than----
The soldier would rather die than surrender(投降)
I would rather you wrote the letter.
1.The red lines on the map _________ railways.
A. replace B. represent C. recover D. reserve
2.It is not easy to enter the garden in the daytime _______being noticed.
A. without B. instead of C. unless D. before
3. The _______ of the meeting is to elect a new manager.
A. reason B. fact C. result D. purpose
4. The city of San Francisco was lit by an earthquake, A village in this area was also _________.
A. under attack B. an attack C. under an attack D. on the attack.
5. Although he explained again and again, he could not make himself _______ by all of us.
A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. be understood
6. Wind _______ electricity in many parts of the world.
A. is widely used to produce B. is widely used to producing
C. widely used to produce D. widely used to producing
7.Is ______ you want to say? Please ask the teacher.
A. this B. that C. all that D. that all
8. The workers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
9. --Would you like some coffee?--Yes, and please get me some milk too,
--I prefer coffer ____ milk.
10. In Sydney, the Chinese team got 28 gold medals, ______ the third of all the competing countries.
A. ranking B. ranker C. the rank D. having ranked
11. We were ______ to hear of your escape from the big fire we cried with great joy.
A. more happy than B more than happy
C. happy more than D. happier than
1. What(a/an) + n. + 主语 +谓语!
What a dirty ashtray it is!
What beautiful colors( they are)!
What beautiful sunshine!
2. How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语!
How lucky he is!
How terrible the snakes look!
3. make sure that------
Please make sure (that) the door is locked.
He made sure that he had enough food for the journey.
高一复习课件【篇7】
1.While walking the dog, you were careless.
a.Following old photos, the new room has been made to look much like the old one.
b.Although it feels as hard as stone, it easily melts when heated.
2.I didn’t dare open a window.
3.It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.
4.I still find it hard to make good friends with them.
5. I do want to change this situation.
a.As they were not cleverer than me, but did pass their exams.
6.However ,even on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
a.In 1770, the room was completed the way she wanted it.
7.Although many Americans move a lot, they still recognize each other’s dialects.
8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.
9.She insisted that we find the source of the river.
a.The man who has it insists that it belongs to his family.
10.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.
11.Our legs felt so heavy and cold that we thought they were ice.
12.To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.
13.Even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
14.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
15.It seemed that the world was at an end.
16.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
17.Water,food and electricity were hard to get.
18.All hope was not lost.
They may not be able to understand everything.
19.Who do you think is a great person?
20.This was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
a.This was a time when the two countries were at war.
b.There was times when my size was totally changed.
21.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
a.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.
b.No other country could join in, nor could slaves or women.
22.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
23.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
24.The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days.
25.It took a team of the country’s best artists ten years to make it.
26.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg.
27.I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”.
28.Does anyone want to host the Olympic Games? As a matter of fact, everyone wants to.
29.It’s just as much a competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win an Olympic medal.
30.The more you speak English, the better your English will be.
31.People thought I was simple-minded until they discovered I had “artificial intelligence.”
32.As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller.
33.There was an antelope with a sad face looking at her.
a.Have you ever dreamed of being in front of thousands of people at a concert, with everyone clapping and enjoying your singing?
34.They may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money.
必修I、II重点词组
1.add up 2.calm down
3.be concerned about 4.go through
5.hide away 6. set down
7.a series of 8.be/grow crazy about
9.on purpose 10.in order to
11. face to face 12.according to
13.have trouble with 14. get along well with
15.fall in love municate with
17.make an effort to 18. join in
19.more than 20.one another
21.play an important role/part in 22.because of
23.even if/though e up
25.be based on 26.believe it or not
27.be expected to 28.dream of/about
39.persuade sb to do sth 30.care about
31.at an altitude of 32.make up one’s mind
33.give in/up 34.as usual
35.put up 36.for one thing, for another,
37.be familiar to/with 38.right away
39.think little/much/highly of 40.at an end
41.the/a number of 42.instead if
43.be proud of 44.honor sb for sth
45.be known as/for 46.lose heart
47.in trouble 48.die for
49.fight against/for 50.believe in
51.be/put in prison 52.advise on
ntinue doing/to do 54.be out of work
55.as a matter of fact/in fact 56.blow up
57.in one/a way 58.came to/into power
59.be sentenced to 60.look into
61.belong to 62.belong to
63.get lost/dressed 64.in search of
65.be used to do/doing 66.be made into
67.in return (for) 68.serve as
69.more than one 70.rather than
71.agree with/to/on 72.take part in
73.every four years 74.be admitted as/to
pete for/against/in 76.as well as
77.be/get married to mise sb to do
79.pick up 80.one after another
81.have---in common 82.go by
83.deal/do with 84.make up
85.after all 86.as a result
87.die out 88.in danger (of )
89.no longer/more tect--- from
91.pay attention to 92.have an effect on
93.came into being 94.play jokes on
95.pretend to do 96.break up
97.as if/though 98.stick to/insist on
e up with 100.above all
高一复习课件【篇8】
Teaching aims:
1. To develop the reading skills of skimming and scanning to understand the reading material.
2. To read about the successful development of a famous band “The Monkees” s hard life from being common to get a big hit.
3. To improve the Ss’ reading skills such as skimming and scanning.
Teaching important points:
1. Help Ss to understand the passage better.
2. Learn and master some important words and phrases.
Teaching difficult points:
1. How to help Ss understand the passage better.
2. How to improve the Ss’ reading skills through some activities.
Teaching approaches: task- based approach
Teaching aids: the computer , the multi-media projector
Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Lead-in
1. Introduce the topic of music.
(Before class, play the Monkees’ song “I’m a believer”)
T: Do you like the music I played before class? Today our topic is music. Are you fond of music? Do you know who they are? (The teacher shows the pictures of some famous singer S.H.E,Coco li , Liu Huan, Andy Lau刘德华,Jay 周杰伦,Michael Jackson , Rich Martin)
Then what kind of music do they sing?
Do you know some other kinds of music?
How does music make you feel?( I feel inspired when listening to music , when I’m listening to music . when I’m mot having a good mood music can calm me down . when I listen to the music. I feel happy and recall some good memories and beautiful things in life ).
( I feel relaxed when listening music, music tells us the real life.)
2. Introduce “The Monkees”.
T: Excellent, I really enjoy your opinions and I also have learnt a lot from your ideas so you are really music fans. Now I have a problem. I would like you to give me some advice. I want to listen to some famous bands music. Can you recommend some famous bands for me? Or have you ever heard about any of the famous bands in the world? List some if you have.
T: Good. Thank you for your recommendation . I have many choice to consider. But here I have a photo of an band, Can you tell me who they are? ( The Monkees)
T: Well, it seems you know little about them it doesn’t matter. Now let’s read the passage on the paper and find more information about them “The Band That Wasn’t”
Step 2 ( Task 1 ) Fast reading
Please read the passage quickly and tell us what the passage is about.
( The passage is about the successful development of a famous band “ the Monkees”.)
Step 3 (Task 2 ) Skimming
Skim the passage and find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para 1 : Dreaming of being famous musician or singer
Para 2 : How musicians form bands.
Para 3 : How the band got their start.
Para 4 : How “The Monkees became serious about their business.
Step 4 (Task 3 ) Scanning
Scan the passage and find out jwhether the following statements are True or False.
T 1.Most musicians meet and form a band because they like to write and play music.
F 2.The TV organizers had looked for five musicians who were lovely and who could make good music.
F 3.Each week the group that was called “The Beatles” would play a song or two written by other musician.
T 4.“The Monkees” broke up in about 1960,but reunited in 1980.
Step 5 (Task 4 ) Intensive Reading
Ask the students to look through the questions on the screen and read the text silently.Students are expected to find out all the answers by themselves.
T:OK,boys and girls.Now let”s read the text in detail and answer the following questions.
Questions:
1. Why do most musicians like to be in a band with others?
( Because they want to write and play music together.)
2. Which two musical bands are mentioned in the passage?
(Beatles & Monkees )
3. How do bands that are formed by high school students earn some extra money?
(They may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn some extra money.)
4. When did “The Monkees” break up and when did it reunite?
( They broke up in about 1970 and it reunited in the mid-1980.)
5. Why was “The Monkees” successful in their work?
( Because they were serious about their work and they also worked very hard.)
Step 6 (Task 5 ) Word study
Listen to the recording and then match the words or phrases with the meanings
musical instrument someone whose job is to play or write music
karaoke something used to make music
fan excited supporter of somebody
Advertisement person or thing that is very popular and successful
hit imagine something would come true
passers-by go away in different directions
dream of tell exactly what one thinks
break up public message to tell about sth. or service
be honest with person going past by chance
musician sing a song with a video
Step 7 ( Task 6 ) Retell the story
I guess you have totally understood the text.Now let”s check whether you have comprehended the text.On the blackboard,it”s the summary of our reading text.But it”s not complete.You have to think out a proper word to fill in each blank without reading your textbook.After filling the missing words,you will have a complete summary of the text.Now,I will give you 5 minutes to do this task.
If we are ______ ______ ourselves,most of us have ______ ______ being famous sometimes in our lives.Most musicians often meet and ______ a band.Sometimes they play in the street to ______ so that they can earn some ______ money and this also gives them a ______ to realize their dreams.There was once a band started ______ ______ ______ ______.The musicians of whom the band was formed ______ ______ ______ each other as well as played music,whose music and jokes were loosely ______ ______ “The Beatles”.Their exciting performances were copied by other groups.“The Monkees” played their own ______ and wrote their own music.Though it ______ ______ in 1970,it ______ in the mid-1980s and it is still popular today.
Suggested answer:
honest with;dreamed of;form;passers-by;extra;chance;in a different way;played jokes on;based on;instruments;broke up;reunited
Step 8 Summary
Today we”ve learned a passage about the band “The Monkees” and we know their success lies in their hard work and unique style of performance.The Monkees worked hard to be a famous band and their special performance styles were loved by people all over the world.
Homework:
1. Read the passage over and over again and find out all the sentences with attributive clauses.
2. Read another passage “Biography of ‘The Monkees’” to get more information about the Band.
yjs21.cOm更多幼师资料编辑推荐
圆复习课件
在教学过程中,老师教学的首要任务是备好教案课件,又到了写教案课件的时候了。做好教案对于教师具有非决定性的作用,写一篇教案课件要具备哪些步骤?栏目小编倾尽全力打造的“圆复习课件”将会给您留下深刻印象,要获取更多信息请关注我们网站上的更新!
圆复习课件【篇1】
为了让学生做好充分的准备,迎接即将到来的期末考试,增强他们的.自信心,发挥出最好的水平。12月19日,XX小学各年级组利用班会课开展了以“期末复习总动员”为主题的班会。
各班主任和学生畅所欲言,共同讨论后提出了以下几点建议:
一是有效复习知识,查漏洞补不足。全面梳理本学期所学的知识点,结合平时作业、试卷找到自己知识上的薄弱环节,为自己制定一个复习计划,明确复习的重点是什么。
二是养成良好的学习和生活习惯,提高学习质量。课上听讲注意力集中,积极参与学习活动,敢于质疑,敢于提问。
三是劳逸结合,有效用脑。“一张一驰是文武之道”,要想提高学习成绩,还要注意劳逸结合,有效用脑。
四是保持快乐平和的心态,课外活动注意安全,避免受到不必要的伤害。
“宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来”,本次“期末复习总动员”主题班会,及时有效地为同学们明确了复习的思路,这些建议让同学们受益匪浅。相信经过同学们的努力,都能交上一份满意的的答卷。
圆复习课件【篇2】
一、导入:
今天我们要整理与复习第一单元阅读的相关知识,你准备好了
吗?
二、整理复习:
1、还记得我们第一单元都学习了哪几篇课文吗?
生汇报文章题目(课件出示)
2、在这几篇课文中你最喜欢哪一篇呢?并说说你的理由。
生随机汇报
3、我们先来看第一篇课文《找春天》(1)能简单说说这篇文章主要写了什么吗?
生简单汇报
(2)你最喜欢这篇课文的哪句话呢?有感情地读一读。(1)春天像个害羞的小姑娘,遮遮掩掩,躲躲藏藏。
(你能说几个像这样的词语吗?)
(2)小草—— 早开的野花—— 树上—— 解冻的小溪——(你能试着填一填吗?)
小草从地上()头来,那是春天的()吧?()的野花一朵两朵,那是春天的()吧? 树上()点点嫩芽,那是春天的()吧?()的小溪丁丁冬冬,那是春天的()吧?
(3)春天来了!——
(作者眼中的春天是如此的生机勃勃,你眼中的春天又是什么样子的呢?能试着说一说吗?)指名汇报
4、刚才我们一起复习了第一课,能不能试着总结一下我们是
怎样复习的呢?
(一)主要写了什么
(二)有感情地读喜欢的句子并积累下来
5、就像刚才这样,请大家以小组为单位复习以下几篇课文。
6、汇报:(1)主要内容:
(2)喜欢的句子
7、刚才我们复习的两篇文章都是现在我们眼中的春天,那么古代诗人眼中的春天又是怎样一番景象呢?我们本单元还学习了两首
古诗。
(1)你能试着背一背吗?(2)你还知道哪些描写春天的诗?
三、练习:
1、阅读片断。(1)这首小诗共有()小节(2)在()填上合适的词语。()的封条
()的味道()的小号
()的眼神(3)这首诗中写了()()()()告诉人们春天来到了。
(4)你能试着给这首小诗加一个题目吗?(5)你还知道哪些描写春天的四字词语?
四、布置作业
推荐新阅读中的几篇文章回去读一读,做一做
圆复习课件【篇3】
声母是汉语拼音的基础,掌握好声母的发音对于提高汉语口语水平非常重要。因此,在学习汉语拼音时,我们要系统地学习和掌握声母的发音规律,这对于初学者来说尤为重要。
声母是指在汉语拼音中,可以单独发出有意义的音的辅音。声母复习要点包括了声母的发音、音素的理解和应用,因此,声母复习是学习汉语拼音的首要任务。在刚开始学习汉语拼音时,学习者要掌握并理解声母的发音特点,才能正确地发音和辨认每一个汉字。
声母共有23个,其中包括6个双唇辅音、4个齿龈辅音、7个舌面辅音和6个悬喉辅音。在练习时,我们可以通过吐气或连续发音的方式来掌握和记忆每个声母的发音。
发音要点方面,某些声母的发音需要注意些特殊要点。例如在发音b、p、m、f时,需要使双唇紧闭或轻轻闭合,用气流推动双唇打开,才能发出清晰规范的发音。这对于刚开始学习者来说很有难度,需要反复练习才能掌握。
在学习了发音特点和发音要点之后,我们可以采用多种方式来巩固声母的记忆和应用。例如,可以通过给汉字加声母,来练习各种声母的应用和组合,这样可以让我们更好地理解和掌握声母的应用规律。同时,我们还可以用听写、朗读、口语练习等方式,不断提高口语水平。
总之,声母复习是汉语拼音学习的首要任务,只有掌握好声母的发音特点和应用规律,才能更好地掌握拼音,提高汉语口语水平。希望大家在学习中能够认真细心地去掌握每一个声母的发音规律,从而更好地学好汉语,用好汉语。
圆复习课件【篇4】
一、活动目的:
使学生从本周开始,正式面对期末复习的到来
二、活动准备:相关材料
三、活动过程:
1.班级情况小结:你们知道吗?期末考试已经在向我们招手了.我们该做些什么准备呢?出示小黑板,小组讨论.请学生按小黑板上的要求,给大家说说你是怎样想的?你了解关于成功的考试应有什么的心理吗?结合本班实际,评出最佳小组,奖励红花
2.本周班会
活动过程
(一)谈话引入:期末考试是我们向父母报恩的最好机会,是我们每个人都想做到最棒的一份试题.那么我们今天就来一起讨论下考试前我们的心里是怎样想的?好不好?一)小朋友,时间过的真快,期末考试的脚步离我们越来越近了,媒体出示:愚蠢者——等待时间聪明者——利用时间懒惰者——丧失时间勤奋者——珍惜时间求知者——抓紧时间糊涂者——糟蹋时间
(二)听一听:还有一些名人和伟人看待时间在人生中的价值时,是这样教育我们的——出示:教育家说时间就是知识。医学家说时间就是生命。工人说时间就是财富。农民说时间就是粮食,就是丰收成果。(学生说时间就是分数。三)议一议:
1、认识考试
(1)考试是学习的一个重要过程,是知识梳理归纳的阶段。
(2)好成绩是考出来的,学得怎样通过考试来展示。
(3)考试是一门学问,要学会考试。出示:紧张而不慌张忙碌而有序
2、养成良好的考试习惯考试成绩与考试习惯有着密切的联,所以我们要养成良好的考试习惯。考前——信心精神饱满进考场,轻轻松松看试卷,认认真真做题目
(1)制定好复习计划
(2)调整心理状态
(3)保证充分的睡眠
(4)准备好考试用品考中——细心审视题目不紧张,看清要求不急噪,仔细检查不粗心
(1)拿到试卷后应把整张试卷看一遍。
(2)试题的设置往往由易到难,所以应从第一题开始做起,保持良好的心态。
(3)考试时应认真安静的答卷,有不清楚的举手问监考老师,不得交头接耳,不得左顾右盼,不得夹带与考试有关的东西。
(4)遇到难题时先放一放,等全部题目完成后再做难题。
(5)有粗心习惯的小朋友,检查时更应注意简单的题目,因为这样的题目往往容易忽视而出错。
(6)检查的几个步骤是:有无漏题→笔误→审题是否正确考后——恒心考后不去想,准备下一场;考分虽是宝,进步才重要;考后不骄傲,有人比我好;考差莫泄气,下次再努力。
3、分小组先交流各自的复习计划。指名交流复习计划5、说说自己的期望目标,寻找竞争对手。
三、班主任寄语你是否知道?你的进步,是家长和老师最大的骄傲。你拼搏的身后,是我们默默关注的目光。让我们握紧拳头,放在胸前,共同吟诵:出示:相信自己行,才会我能行,别人说我行,努力才能行,你在那边行,我在这边行,今天若不行,明天还能行,能正视不行,也是我能行,不但自己行,帮助别人行,争取全面行,创造才最行。
圆复习课件【篇5】
教学设计:XXX
教学内容:人教版数学四年级下册第三单元“运算定律”的整理和复习。
教学目标:
1.通过整理与复习,帮助学生形成知识网络,加深对运算定律和性质的理解,能运用运算定律和性质进行一些简便计算。
2.经历复习的全过程,学会复习整理的方法,提高数学学习的应用意识。
3.使学生能够根据实际情况,灵活选择合理算法,培养学生的简算意识和发散思维能力
4.在讨论、交流、归纳的活动过程中,树立自主探讨和合作交流的意识。感受数学与生活的联系,增强学生学数学的兴趣。
教学重点:指导学生整理学过的运算定律和性质,加深对运算定律和性质的理解,能运用运算定律进行一些简便计算。
教学难点:根据算式的特点灵活进行简便运算。
教学准备:多媒体课件。
教学过程:
一、比赛激趣,引入课题。
比一比:谁能很快地说出计算结果:12×25125×16
好神奇!这么快!你是怎样算的?让学生说出算法。
师:运用运算定律可以使一些计算变得简便,对我们今后的学习可有用了,下面,我们一起来把这一单元的知识进行整理和复习。揭示课题并板书:运算定律与简便算法
二、梳理知识,构建网络
1、小组整理。
师:这个单元我们都学习了哪些运算定律和性质?
下面,请分小组对本单元所学的知识进行整理。
2、展示、汇报、交流。教师根据学生的汇报板书知识网络图:
加法交换律:a+b=b+a例1
加法运算定律加法结合律: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)例2
运算加法运算定律的应用例3
定律连减的性质:a-b-c=a-(b+c)例4
整理乘法交换律:a×b=b×a例5
复习乘法结合律:(a×b)×c=a×(b×c)例6
乘法运算定律乘法分配律:a×(b+c)=a×c+a×c例7
连除的性质:a÷b÷c=a÷(b×c)例8
(解决问题策略多样化)
三、知识应用,能力拓展。
1、我有火眼金睛,我能看出下面的算式应用了哪些运算定律和性质。
24+38+76=38+(24+76)
6×99 +6=6×(99+1)
370-16-14=370-(16+14)
3500÷7÷2=3500÷14
4×6×5×8=(4×8)×(6×5)
35×102=35×100+35×2
2、我是小法官:
(1)、22+29+78=29+100()
(2)、35×16=35×2×8()
(3)、102×56=100×56+2()
(4)、12×97+3=12×100()
(5)、45×(9×2)=45×9+45×2 ()
(6)、64 ÷(8×2)= 64÷8÷2()
(7)、498-302=498-300 ()
3、我是小神算,怎样简便我就怎样计算。(先仔细观察,找找题中隐藏的秘密,再想想可以怎样算?那种方法更简便?运用了什么运算定律或性质?)
(1)25×26×4(2)88×125
(3)518-245-355(4)68+59+32+241
(5)6400÷4÷25(6)125 ×32×25
师:通过刚才的计算你明白了什么?
师:是的,计算时首先要有简算意识,其次要学会分析题目的特征,想想怎样算比较简便。这样不但能使计算更快更准更简便,而且能使你的思维更灵活,方法更多样。
4、我会解决问题。
(1)学校买来5400册图书,要把它们分别放到25个书柜里,每个书柜4层,平均一个书柜每层放多少本书?
(2)我们学校新学期要购进62套桌椅,每张课桌65元,每把椅子35元。一共需要多少钱?
5、能力扩展
(1)老师昨天用计算器计算1235×49时,发现键“4”坏了。可我还想用这个计算器计算,你能帮老师想到办法怎样计算吗?
请写出算式:(1235×50-1235)
四、课堂小结:
这节课你有什么收获?你想提醒同学们注意哪些地方或者你还有什么地方没有完全弄明白?
课后合作探究:通过本单元的学习,你已经掌握了加法、乘法的运算定律,也学会了探究运算规律的一般方法。课后请用学过的方法和同学一起试着研究下面的运算规律:(a + b)÷c = a÷c + b÷c(其中c ≠ 0 )
圆复习课件【篇6】
教材分析:这是一节复习课。包括六项内容。一是按照声母的顺序连线组成动物图形,复习学习过的声母。二是通过汉语拼音认读生字并连线。培养学生的观察能力,并了解叠词轻读的规律。三是看图读音节,区别韵母u和ü与不同声母相拼时的不同写法。四、五、六是通过动手拼一拼、摆一摆、找一找的方式复习声母和音节。
教学目标:
1、复习学过的声母熟记声母的顺序。
2、正确拼读所学音节,注意叠词的后一个音节是轻声;认识、会用学过的常用字并乐于用他们表达。
3、通过动手拼一拼、摆一摆、找一找,让学生们感受到学习拼音的乐趣。
教学重点难点:
正确拼读所学音节
教具准备:
多媒体拼音卡片
教学时数:
2课时
第一课时
教学内容:
按顺序连一连,读一读,比一比。
教学过程:
一、复习声母
1、按顺序熟读声母。
2、按顺序连线,看能连成什么图案。
3、自己动脑想一想,你还能用这些拼音连成什么图案?
二、连一连:
1、观察书上三幅图,画的都是谁?
2、拼读下面音节词,说说你发现了什么?
第二课时
教学内容:读一读、拼一拼;做一做;找一找
教学过程:
一、读一读拼一拼:
1、借助拼音多种形式读儿歌。
2、拼图游戏,看看谁拼的最多。
二、做一做:
1、看书中摆成的图形象哪个字母?
2、发挥想象:你还能用什么工具摆成什么字母?
三、找一找:
1、谁能用拼音拼一拼自己的姓名、同学的姓名?
2、找一找,谁的姓名里面有下列字母:b p j q x zh ch sh y w。
作业设计:
1、按照顺序抄写声母。
2、用拼音的形式给你最喜欢的好朋友做一个名片。
圆复习课件【篇7】
[复习内容]
七年级下册第六、七单元
[学习目标]
1、结合文章内容分析,理解叙事写人类文章的写法特点。
2、结合文章内容分析,了解托物言志的表现手法。
[教学创意]
本节课是在指导学生疏通文意、理解主题的基础上,试图从写法运用的视角提升学生对文言文的认识。课堂以教学主问题引导学生进行疏理知识,建构知识网络,通过精讲巧练,学用知识,训练技能,发展思维,并以学生的展示为主,教师讲重点、难点;讲思路,讲过程,指导学生学习联系,对比等整理方法。课堂教学按“图式建构——自学展示(自学、说学、论学)——迁移运用(练习)”的环节进行。
[教学流程]
一、目标展示,建构图式
导言:在七年级下册的第六、七单元,我们学习了九篇文言短文,我们可以根据写作内容作一个粗略的分类:一、叙事写人类;二、写物寄意散文类,请将这九篇课文进行分类。
1、学生分类结束后,自由发言:叙事写人类文章经常运用哪些写法?写物寄意散文类运用了哪些表现手法?
2、写法总结
(一)写人叙事类
1、正面描写与侧面描写
2、运用语言、动作的细节描写
3、运用典型事例多角度写人。
4、概括叙述与具体叙述相结合,详略有致,层次分明,脉络清晰。
5、对比烘托。
对比:对比是把具有明显差异、矛盾和对立的双方,安排在一起,进行对照比较的表现方法。
烘托(衬托):从侧面着意渲染,使所要表现的人、事、物鲜明突出,收到“烘云托月”的效果。
(二)写物寄意散文
1、托物言志
2、对比烘托
托物言志:通过描写某些事物来表现作者思想感情、态度和观点的方法。
二、自学展示
(一)问题探究
学生根据以下问题自学课文,按要求回答问题。
1、试以课文《包拯》为例,说说文章运用了哪几种写法?
2、试以《黔之驴》为例,说说文章是怎样运用对比烘托手法的?
3、以《陋室铭》《爱莲说》为例,说说这两篇文章怎样运用了托物言志的写法?
(二)说学:学生在小组内与同学交流思考所得。
(三)论学:学生在班级上自由发言。
教师点拨,明确:
1、①运用典型事例多角度写人。本文主要采用以事写人的手法,以记叙为主,通过巧断牛舌案、不持一砚归、出使契丹、坐镇开封府、律己诫子这些事迹,展现出包拯清廉刚正、机智善断、克己奉公的堂堂正正的高大形象。
②正面描写与侧面描写。本文第一、二、三、五段主要用了正面描写,第四段则穿插了侧面描写。
③详略有致,层次分明,脉络清晰。第一、三段记叙较具体,第二、四、五段记叙较概括。详写、略写互相配合,行文活泼,富于变化。如第一、三两段分别用百十来字,把包拯智服盗贼、驳倒契丹、不辱使命描述得淋漓尽致。全文脉络清晰,详略有致,行文生动,力求活灵活现地展现人物的风貌。
2、《黔之驴》一文通过描写老虎和驴行动描写,表现出驴的蠢笨自大、虚有其表,外强中干、一无所用。老虎的敢于斗争,善于斗争。
3、《陋室铭》一文采用托物言志的写法。以有仙之山、有龙之水比喻“陋室”,表明“陋室”也具有“名”与“灵”的性质,自然地引出文章的主旨——颂扬“惟吾德馨”。“苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青”的幽雅动人景色、往来的“鸿儒”与“陋室”主人纵情谈笑的情形、“陋室”主人“调素琴,阅金经”“无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形”的情状,鲜明地展示了“陋室”主人的精神生活风貌,表现了其“不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵”的高尚品德,既足以见“惟吾德馨”,又足以明“陋室”不陋。用“诸葛庐”“子云亭”类比“陋室”,意在以古代名贤自况,表明“陋室”主人也有古代名贤的志趣和抱负,在更高境界上颂扬了“惟吾德馨”。结尾引用孔子的话,隐含以“君子”自居之意,说明“有德者居之,则陋室不陋”,这是以“惟吾德馨”的立意贯穿全文,层层铺垫,主题十分突出。
《爱莲说》一文借花抒情,托物言志,借赞美莲花来歌颂君子的坚贞气节,既是作者的自况,也是对追名逐利、趋炎附势的世态的抨击。文中分别赋予菊、牡丹和莲以特定的象征意义,对当时社会上人们不同的处世态度作了精辟的概括:菊迎风斗霜,独放幽香,象征孤高自傲、避居山林的“隐逸者”;牡丹色彩绚丽,妩媚娇艳,象征富贵华丽、趋炎附势的“富贵者”;莲清新坚贞,卓然独立,象征举止端庄、人格高尚的“君子”。在这里,作者虚写物而实写人,明写物理而实述人事,字里行间渗透着对这三种人的不同感情和态度,可谓借花抒情,托物言志。
三、迁移运用
1、认真听同学朗读习作《母亲并不平凡》。
2、请根据同学的习作《母亲并不平凡》一文,从写法运用的角度说说你的看法。
3、以“并不平凡”写一篇叙事写人类的作文,600字以上。
圆复习课件【篇8】
中考英语复习课件
随着我国高考改革的深入推进,中考也逐渐受到了越来越多的关注,其中英语考试更是备受广大学生和家长关注。为了帮助学生更好地备战中考英语,各种英语复习课件应运而生。
什么是中考英语复习课件?
中考英语复习课件是一种以多媒体形式制作的用于辅助中学生进行英语知识自学、复习和巩固的学习工具。由于多媒体资源丰富、内容生动形象、易于操作等特点,课件教学在课堂教学中已经得到了广泛的应用。中考英语复习课件包含了英语语音、文字、图像、动画、视频等多种元素,教学进程也更加灵活自由,能够让学生全面而深入地理解英语语言知识。
中考英语复习课件的主要内容
中考英语复习课件的主要内容包括:词汇、语法、听力、阅读等多个方面的知识点,除了涵盖中考英语的所有知识点外,还会针对中考的重点和难点进行针对性讲解和题目练习。比如,对话题、文化知识、听力考试中专业术语、偏重词汇等知识点的讲解和训练,可以帮助学生快速提高分数。
如何正确使用中考英语复习课件
中考英语复习课件是一种功能强大的学习工具,但是如果不知道如何正确使用,效果是非常有限的。以下几点是使用中考英语复习课件的建议:
1.选择适合自己的软件:市场上有很多种不同类型的中考英语复习课件,要根据自己的需求和英语水平选择适合自己的软件。
2.学习中独立思考:把中考英语复习课件作为一个学习的工具,学习者在学习软件时需要保持专注,并在学习的过程中不断思考。
3.反复练习:在学习中考英语复习课件时,做好笔记并反复练习非常重要。
中考英语复习课件的优缺点
中考英语复习课件也不是完美的,它依然存在一些优缺点,下面我们来分别来看。
优点:
1.多媒体资源丰富:中考英语复习课件通过音频、视频、图片等多媒体资源的使用,可以为学生提供异于传统教室形式的学习方式。
2.内容生动形象:多媒体形式的中考英语复习课件可以及时更新、定制、互动,让学生能够更直观地了解英语语言知识。
3.易于操控:中考英语复习课件界面、操作简单直观,使用起来十分方便,并且学习课件不会受到时间和空间等方面的限制。
缺点:
1.需要配合其他学习资源使用:中考英语复习课件需要配合老师的教学、课外自学、课本等其他资源进行推进。
2.对于学习过程掌握不好的学生会有依赖性:在学习中如果过度依赖中考英语复习课件,就会损失自主学习的机会,这对于学习过程掌握不好的学生会有影响。
综上,中考英语复习课件是一种非常现代的英语学习工具,学生们可以利用课件的优点,以小组或个人的形式进行英文学习,让英语学习过程变得更加便捷、有趣、高效。使用中考英语复习课件的同学们需要注意的就是当学习困难听听、无法理解时就需要进行及时的沟通和交流,不能过度依赖学习帮手。只有把握好课件使用方向、灵活机动运用中考英语复习课件和其他课程的知识,才能在中考英语中有所作为。
圆复习课件【篇9】
教学目标:
1、帮助学生梳理成语的归类方法,培养学生自主整理复习成语的能力。
2、感悟成语的博大精深,激发学生学习成语的兴趣。
3、激发学生对成语的热爱。
教学重难点:
激发学生学习成语的兴趣,培养学生自主整理复习成语的能力。
教学准备:
多媒体课件
教学过程:
一、导入
(刮目相看)视频导入
谁能告诉我这个故事可以用那个成语来总结呢?(刮目相看)是啊,我们不能用老眼光去看一个人,应该充分看到别人的进步。那今天我们来寻找最让人刮目相看的同学,好吗?
二、设疑自探
“刮目相看”这从语文语法上来讲是一个特别的词语,我们叫它什么?(板书:成语)
那么看到这个词语大家想知道哪些知识呢?
(预设:什么是成语?成语有那些分类?如何更好地掌握本学期所学的成语?)
成语是汉语中的精粹,是人们长期以来习用的简洁、精辟的固定词组或短句。成语常常由四字组成,也有三字、五字、六字及以上的。许多成语都有一个生动有趣、富含哲理的故事,如:杯弓蛇影、一鸣惊人等。
因此,学习成语不仅能积累词汇,而且能增强阅读、理解水平,了解历史,拓展知识面,另外如果能恰当地使用它,会使语言能精炼,更形象生动,提高我们的写作水平。
“温故而知新,可以为师矣”我们能从本学期学习成语中又能获取什么新知识呢?老师帮助大家总结上册出现的成语,我们一起来快速复习一下。(出示本学期的成语总汇)
知识是无穷尽的,如何能快速牢固的掌握是我们脱颖而出的关键。
(出示自探提示)指名读
自探提示:
1、独立补充成语卡片上未完成的成语,然后小组内交流结果。
2、小组内两两组合,结合成语的本意和自己的理解,挑选成语卡中的5个,向对方描述成语的意思,另一方猜词。
3、组长在小组内选出表现良好的两人,随后进行展示。
4、时间为8分钟。
三、教学活动
1、小组展示
我们每个小组所拿到的成语是不一样的,所以在这个小组描述的时候,其他小组要认真地听。哪个小组能突破自己,一马当先?
(对于解释不到位的或偏离意思成语适时加以补充完善,特别适一些有故事有出处的成语。)
展示后评价(能不能用成语来评价?),选出表现最好的小组。
2、抢答环节
教师通过各种形式的描述,让学生抢答,约十个成语。选出表现最好的个人。
3、能够了解成语的意思还远远不够,只有灵活地运用它才是成语最大的魅力。看看谁能做一个口吐莲花、语惊四座的人呢?
造句环节:单个成语
两个成语
三个及三个以上成语
4、现在老师想知道你们肚子里到底装了多少成语,我们来玩一个成语接龙的游戏,看看你们是不是胸有点墨的人。(游戏规则:以抢答方式进行,可以谐音接龙)
四、拓展练习
出示课件
五、总结
大家还有什么疑问吗?
你今天收获了什么?
成语是汉语言最简练的形式之一,区区几个字涵盖了无比深厚丰富的中国传统文化,我们为自己拥有如此神奇的语言感到骄傲,我想用八个字来概括本节课的主旨(板书:中国智慧,自成语境)
我们本节课通过一些活动来掌握和运用成语,希望大家能够重新发现成语的魅力,爱上成语,爱上中国传统文化,并找到学习成语的方法,将成语运用在日常生活中,让我们都成为一个有诗意有内涵能口吐莲花的人吧!
六、布置作业
1、观看中央电视台汉语言节目《中国成语大会》、《中国诗词大会》。
2、总结本册的成语,并设计掌握这些成语的方法。
一年级拼音复习课件
教案课件是我们老师的部分工作,只要我们老师在写的时候认真负责就可以了。教师需要不断总结教学经验来提升教案制定的水平。也许以下内容“一年级拼音复习课件”合你需求,在阅读本文以后,相信您会有所收获!
一年级拼音复习课件 篇1
《字与拼音(五)》是拼音部分的最后一个单元,重点是对拼音部分进行复习,此外,还要学习两课《看拼音识字》。在复习时,可能会比较枯燥无味,所以在教学时,我用游戏串起整堂课,运用多种形式组织教学,化枯燥为生动,让学生在乐中学,在笑中学。下面,我就这一单元说说我的教学设想。
一、激趣导入,激发兴趣
出示皮卡丘这个卡通形象,告诉学生今天皮卡丘要和小朋友一起去拼音王国里旅游一下,并会带给大家很多拼音小星星。(教学一开始引出皮卡丘这个学生喜爱的卡通形象,调节动学生学习的积极性。)
二、复习声母
1、抢读声母。师出示部分难记的声母,学生认读。
请学生拿出自制的23张声母卡片,按顺序排队,同桌互读互相检查是否排对了,读对了。
2、变魔术。出现半圆和小棒,变出b-d、p-q让学生加以区分,让学生也来变一变魔术。
3、多种方式练读。指名读,小组读,男女生赛读,齐读。提醒学生声母要读得又轻又短。(读得好的奖给学生小星星)
三、复习韵母
1、复习单韵母。每位学生拿出六张单韵母卡片,自己读一读,全班齐读。
2、同桌合作,把任意两张单韵母组合成复韵母。
3、游戏排队,把24个韵母按顺序排队。
4、多种方式读加以巩固。
(声母、韵母复习完后,做一下课间小活动)
四、复习整体认读音节
过渡:小朋友们刚才的表现真不错,接下来要和大家见面的是整体认读音节,你能把它们找出来吗?
1、出示写有整体认读音节和一些可以拼读的音节卡片,请学生找一找。
2、游戏看谁听得准,举得快。
老师读,学生找卡片;同桌游戏,皮卡丘把小星星奖给合作得好的同座两同学。
3、集体练读。
五、复习读一读
过渡:有几个整体认读音节与其它音节成了好朋友,组成了双音节词语,你们想认识它们吗?
1、出示读一读中的双音节词语。
2、小组合作拼读音节完后,把你会读的词语大声读出来,并带着全班同学读一遍。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇2
教学目标:
复习所学的声母、韵母及整体认读音节,并借助汉语拼音认识日常生活中常用的字。
教学重点:
1.复习声母、韵母及整体认读音节;
2.拼读音节练习。
教学过程:
一、记一记声母和韵母
(一)声母
1.出示声母:这里面的所有的字母叫什么?(声母)读他们的发音是有特点的,你们还记得吗?
2.大家按顺序读声母表上的声母。
3.这是声母表,你有什么好办法记住它们吗?
4.下面老师教你一种快速记忆法,看谁记得快、记得准。(注意:学声母时,先学z、c、s,后学的zh、ch、sh、r,顺序和声母表的顺序不一样,背时要颠倒过来。)
5.游戏:
现在这些字母被打乱了,你们能把他们排成原来的顺序吗?找一个小组的同学,每人头戴一个头饰,全班同学给他们排队;排好队的同学大声读出自己头上的字母,全班同学跟读,由慢到快,然后全班同学自己练习背一背声母表;最后小组比赛,选出优胜者。
6.现在这里有一对对好朋友,他们长得可象了,你们能把他们区分开吗?(区分以下声母)
(1)bd、pq(运用左右手来进行区分)
练习拼读音节baiqiadoupingdongqiubangpiao
(2)tf(从字形上进行区分:伞把t,拐棍f)
练习拼读音节futoutuifei
(3)z-zh、c-ch、s-sh(重点在于读音的区分)
练习拼读音节:zongchuishaozhangcengsou
(二)韵母
1.出示韵母表,提问:这里面的字母叫什么?(韵母)
2.你有什么好方法记住它们?
3.老师也教你一种方法,叫分类记忆法。我们将这么多的韵母分成四类:
(1)单韵母:a、o、e、i、u、u;(重点提示发音是的口形)
(2)复韵母:ai、ei、ui、ao、ou、iu、ie、ue、er;(体会读音过程中的滑动。)
(3)前鼻韵母:an、en、in、un、{n;
(4)后鼻韵母:ang、eng、ing、ong。
1.小组练习背诵韵母表,全班比赛背,评出优胜。
2.这里又来了几个好兄弟,他们都把我的眼睛看花了,他们到底是谁,应该怎么读呢?
(1)iu-ui这一对双胞胎如何区分呢?要是按照口形的变化来区分就容易多了。我们来试一试验吧:
练习拼读音节:dui、diu、hui、jiu、liu、kui
(2)ei-ie这一对双胞胎说:不行,我们也要考考你们!咱们也想想办法,到底怎样记住他们?
练习拼读音节:xiegeijiebeiqielielei
(3)读读这些韵母:an-ang、en-eng、in-ing
三、复习整体认读音节
1.出示整体认读音节图,提问:它们你们还认识吗?它们叫什么名字?(整体认读音节),对了,他们可是我们的老朋友了,这些音节不用拼读,见到就要认识,直接读出。
2.整体认读音节,学生领读。
zhi、chi、shi、ri、
zi、ci、si、
yi、wu、yu、
ye、yue、yin、yun、yuan、ying
3.复读,练习直呼音节;
4.打乱顺序练习读:
(1)zhi、yi、ye、wu、chi、shi、zi、yue、ri、yu、yin、yun、ci、si、ying、yuan
(2)有yw打头的音节不一定都是整体认读音节,快快睁开你的眼睛,看一看哪些是哪些不是?如果你记不清了快来查一查(同时,出示整体音节表以便学生随时查看)
y:yi、yu、ye、yue、yun、yuan、ying;
yong、you、yao、yan、yang、ya;
w:wu、wai、wei、wan、wen;
wang、weng、wo、wa;
要求:把整体认读音节夹在其他音节中,要求学生首先直呼出这些音节。(这一教学环节是下一个教学环节的铺垫,目的是减小下一题的难度,起到缓冲的作用。)
四、练习拼读y、w打头的音节
1.复习y、w打头的整体认读音节。
2.读下面的音节。
yīfu、zhīshi、yuny、shy
(1)先一个音节一个音节的拼读,然后再连成词语读下来。
(2)游戏摘苹果,从树上摘下一个大苹果,每个苹果后面是一个词语,练习拼读音节,谁拼得对、拼得快,就发给谁一个苹果。
五、练习用拼音识字
1.图片(丁丁图及丁丁说的话学习了拼音,我可以自己认字了!)丁丁学会自己认字了,你呢?让我们先来猜谜语:出示带音节的学过的熟字字卡,将汉字盖住,仅仅露出音节,让学生猜测是什么字。
2.看这些拼音,要求:读准声母、韵母,准确地拼读音节。
dōng、xī、nn、běi
qin、hu、zuǒ、yu
nn、nǚ、lǎo、sho
d、xiǎo、du#、shǎo
3.音节的生字出示给学生,利用拼音自己识字,
东西南北
前后左右
男女老少
大小多少
六、小结
今天,我们复习了所有的拼音,利用拼音认识了一些字,拼音的作用可真大呀,从此后,我们有多了一个认字帮手希望大家在课下能够利用汉语拼音学到更多的生字。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇3
教材解读:本次复习安排在学习完6个单韵母和23个声母之后,主要内容有六项,分别是:读读记记(按声母的排列顺序读记声母),我会摆(用小棒、细绳手势摆字母),我会找(找出含有相关声母的姓),我会读(区别形近、音近的声母,并能准确读出相关音节),我会连(拼读音节词,把同类的词连起来),我会认(认读学过的字)。
一、教学目标:
1、复习单韵母和声母,能够按声母的排列顺序比较熟练地读记23个声母。
2、尝试用身边的工具摆出字母,结合生活中的事物来识记字母。
3、巩固拼读方法,能够比较熟练地拼读音节,区分形近、音近的声母并学习将词语分类。
4、复习认识的字。
5、进行初步的思维训练,体会学习拼音的乐趣。
二、教学准备:声母卡片、单韵母卡片、生字卡片。
三、教学安排:2课时
第一课时
一、读读记记。
1、课件出示23个声母,学生自由认读。
我们在拼音王国里遨游,认识了不少拼音朋友,瞧!他们出来了,你会读吗?
2、学习唱声母歌,按声母的排列顺序识记。
3、边读声母,边摆声母卡片,练习背诵声母。
过渡:同学们会唱声母歌了,也会摆声母卡片,其实我会不但可以用歌曲、卡片来帮助记字母,还可以用身边的东西帮忙来记字母。
二、我会摆。
1、用两支粉笔、一段丝线、手势做出字母X、S、C让学生观察,说一说摆出来的分别是什么字母。
2、想一想还可以用身边的什么物品来摆字母,自己动手摆一摆。
3、交流并演示自己想出来的摆法。(如:用铅笔、橡皮擦摆字母l、z、w、y,用手势做b、p、d、q等)
三、我会想
过渡:汉语拼音和我们的生活有很多联系,它们经常和和我们是好朋友。看看这些字母,你们认识吗?
1、出示声母ɡ、k、h、j、q、x、zh、ch、sh,指名认读。
2、说说自己姓,并试着拼读,找出姓里有什么声母。
1)、教师用自己的姓来示范说。(如:我姓王,w-nɡ,声母是w)
2)、学生说。
3、说说自己的姓里面声母是什么。(也可以说说别人的姓里面有什么声母)
第二课时
一、复习声母歌。
二、我会读。
1、出示音节,让学生自由读一读。
2、指名读音节,说说读的时候要注意什么。
3、同桌同学互读,互相检查。
三、读读连连
1、贴出用不同颜色卡纸抄写的拼音词卡,学生自由拼读。
2、指名拼读音节,再连成词读一读,注意读好三拼音节和轻声。
3、想一想、说一说:为什么要把qchē和huǒchē连起来。
4、照样子连一连,连完后读一读,说说连的理由。
四、我会认。
1、画一棵苹果树,然后贴出生字卡片,学生自由认读。
2、玩摘苹果的游戏。(学生找出自己认识的生字,把卡片摘下来,大声读出。)
3、送苹果游戏。(教师读出生字,学生听字音,拿出字卡交给教师)
五、拓展游戏:
1、盖房子:每块砖上写一个生字,看看哪些生字可以组成词语,请你把它们放在一起,然后认读词语。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇4
复习内容
本册教材中有关拼音的训练,出现了以下几种形式。
1.P13基础训练1第一题排列大写字母,在大写字母后面写出小写字母。
2.P29基础训练2第一题区别易混的韵母u和。
3.P50基础训练3第一题区别平舌音、翘舌音、前鼻音、后鼻音。
4.P74基础训练4第一题认识整体认读音节。
5.P95基础训练5第一题找出轻声音节。
教学时间二课时
第一课时
一、复习重点
声母、韵母,整体认读音节,拼音规则。
二、教学过程
1.出示声母、韵母,整体认读音节字母表,让学生认读,提出问题,教师总结归纳做指导,也可以通过课后练习加以训练。
(1)声母
声母,共23个:
bpmfdtnl
gkhjqx
zhchshrzcs
y和n
u和uui和iuie和ei
an和angen和engin和ing
3.和打头的韵母与j、q、x相拼时,上面的两点省略。
三、巩固练习
1.拼拼读读,写出汉字。
2.读一读,看看下面加粗字的读音,在拼读时有什么特点。
剥削剧烈修筑权娱乐施工允许
第二课时
一、复习重点
汉语拼音字母表、大写字母。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇5
教学目标:
复习所学的声母、韵母及整体认读音节,并借助汉语拼音认识日常生活中常用的字。
教学重点:
1.复习声母、韵母及整体认读音节;
2.拼读音节练习。
教学过程:
一、记一记声母和韵母
(一)声母
1.出示声母:这里面的所有的字母叫什么?(声母)读他们的发音是有特点的,你们还记得吗?
2.大家按顺序读声母表上的声母。
3.这是声母表,你有什么好办法记住它们吗?
4.下面老师教你一种快速记忆法,看谁记得快、记得准。(注意:学声母时,先学z、c、s,后学的zh、ch、sh、r,顺序和声母表的顺序不一样,背时要颠倒过来。)
5.游戏:
现在这些字母被打乱了,你们能把他们排成原来的顺序吗?找一个小组的同学,每人头戴一个头饰,全班同学给他们排队;排好队的同学大声读出自己头上的字母,全班同学跟读,由慢到快,然后全班同学自己练习背一背声母表;最后小组比赛,选出优胜者。
6.现在这里有一对对好朋友,他们长得可象了,你们能把他们区分开吗?(区分以下声母)
一年级拼音复习课件 篇6
第三课时
(一)第六题:读读背背。
1、出示诗歌《秋叶飘飘》,请学生自己试着拼读,你读懂了什么?
2、你会拼读哪些音节,做做小老师带着大家读一读。
3、在老师的指导下试读儿歌。(以词语为单位,做到词语连读)
4、有感情地朗读儿歌,问:想象秋叶飞舞时还像什么?秋姑娘还会发来什么电报?(了解秋天的特点)
5、谁能试着背背这首优美的诗歌。
(二)第七题:我会读。(系统复习声母、韵母和整体认读音节。)
1、复习23个声母。
(1)读、背声母。
(2)区别形近字母:b-dp-qf-tm-n
音近字母:n-lz-zhc-chs-sh
(3)再熟读、背声母。(指名背、同桌背、自由背)
2、复习24个韵母。
(1)分组读:单韵母6个、复韵母9个、前鼻韵母5个、后鼻韵母4个。(重点复习复韵母和鼻韵母的连读方法)
(2)对比读:a-an-ange-en-eng
i-in-ingun-n-e
iu-ui-inan-ao-ou
(3)连起来熟读、记忆。
3、复习16个整体认读音节。
(1)分类读。
翘舌平舌;其后加i的有7个;跟韵母读音相同;用大y带头的有8个;还有一个wu。
(2)熟读,记忆。
复习三
教学目标:
1、复习复韵母,能够正确区分形近的复韵母。
2、能够正确拼读音节,并与相对应的图片连接起来。
3、复习所学的词语,并能选词造句。
4、拼读儿歌《拼一拼》,发挥学生的创造能力,想一想,三个圆圈和三条直线还能拼成什么图案。
教学时间:2课时
第一课时
课时目标:
1、复习复韵母,能够正确区分形近的复韵母。
2、能够正确拼读音节,并与相对应的图片连接起来。
教学过程:
(一)第一题:我会读。
1、卡片认读单韵母:ieur
2、你能把这些单韵母组成复韵母吗?读一读。
3、读:ie--eiiu--uiei--er,说一说每一组复韵母有什么区别。
(二)第二题:我会连。
1、拼读音节。(指名读、开火车读、齐读)
2、自己试着把音节和图片连接起来。
(三)扩展活动。
1、比一比,看谁能认读。
2、同桌的两位同学轮流认读卡片上的复韵母和整体认读音节,互相纠正。
3、拼拼读读,看谁拼得又准又快。
cweidishǔyětjiǔcidujiǎoqizi
第二课时
课时目标:
1、复习所学的词语,并能选词造句。
2、拼读儿歌《拼一拼》,发挥学生的创造能力,想一想,三个圆圈和三条直线还能拼成什么图案。
教学过程:
(一)第三题:我会认。
1、打乱顺序,卡片认读词语。
2、谁能用这些词语来说一句话?
3、这些词语你能给它归归类吗?说说你归类的理由。(人称、动物、动作)
(二)第四题:读读拼拼。
1、出示儿歌《拼一拼》,自由拼读儿歌。
2、朗读儿歌。(指名读、齐读)
3、拿出学生自己准备的三个圆圈和三条直线,拼拼小鸭和小兔。
4、小组合作:用圆圈和直线拼拼其它的图案,看哪一小组拼出的图案最多,最有趣。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇7
活动目的:
1、复习巩固汉语拼音的声母、韵母、整体认读音节,让学生在轻松愉快的活动中区分声、韵母的字形和读音,辨认整体认读音节。
2、培养学生的观察能力、表达能力和合作意识。
活动准备:
1.将全班同学分成三大组。
2.教具准备:多媒体、挂图、录音、音节卡、字母卡等。
活动时间:40分钟
活动过程:
一、创设情景,激发学习兴趣。
(音乐渲染)今天老师要带小朋友一起去其乐无穷的珍珠乐园游玩。你们高兴吗不过,要想玩到各种各样的游戏,可要动动脑筋,闯过一道道难关,才能玩得尽兴。有信心战胜困难吗
二、引导自主闯关,达到活动目的。
1.智取入门卷。(出示挂图、播放录音)
导游:要进入珍珠乐园,就得闯过两关,才能获取入门券:
1)分辨字形。2)读准字音。
第一关:分辨字形。
导游:(出示一张放大的入门券)瞧,这就是入门券,上面贴着很多小图片,请大家听录音,根据图片意思找出相应的声母卡贴上去,并读出声母。
参考答案:nlātǎfǔmǐnǚqpzhūzchācāshānsān
第二关:
导游:祝贺你们顺利通过第一关,现在我还要考考你们,请大家自选其中的一个音节说一句完整的话,只要通过了这一关就可以拿到入场券了。
(点评:在活动中通过直观的教学让学生对形近、音近的声母进行区别,实现了拼音帮助识字、表达的功能。而且丰富了学生的语言,锻炼了学生的口头表达能力。)
2、巧碰快乐车。(发放贴有单韵母的碰碰车头饰)
导游:乐园里的游戏真多!瞧!快乐碰碰车就在眼前,谁想开(发头饰)这六辆车相碰能碰出很多复韵母,若碰错了,可就有危险了,碰对了,就请大家读出来。
参考答案:ɑieiuiɑoouiuiee
(点评:在愉快的学习氛围中,使学生能自由表现,再加上老师适时的肯定和鼓励使学生的学习热情更加高涨。)
3、勇闯魔鬼屋。(出示多媒体)
导游:快乐的碰碰车真是有惊无险啊!下面还有更惊险的等着我们呢(电脑出示鬼屋通道)通道上分布着ɑneninunnɑnɡenɡinɡonɡ这些前、后鼻韵母,读对了,亮绿灯,错了,就出现怪叫声。
(点评:刺激有趣的学习,深深吸引了学生,有利于一年级学生注意力集中,将读音容易混淆的前、后鼻韵母区分开来。)
4、漫游百花园。(放录音、出示挂图)
导游:闯过了心惊胆战的的鬼屋,现在我们一起去漫游百花园轻松一下吧!(放录音、出示百花园图)你们看,这里有一片绿草地,要想欣赏到色彩艳丽的花朵,就要发挥你们的聪明才智,从众多的音节卡(有16个整体认读音节和一些拼读的音节)中智取整体认读音节卡,若取对了,卡片下面会出现一朵朵你喜爱的花。
参考答案:(所有的整体认读音节)
(点评:学生在认清、读准音节的基础上,凭借自己已有的经验进行分辨,教师再抓住时机,及时纠正订正,给了学生充分实践的机会。)
5、喜驾观光车。(出示列车图、配乐)
导游:小朋友真聪明,你们通过自己的努力闯过了一关又一关,现在让我们乘坐空中观光列车一览乐园全景,好不好(配乐、黑板出示三辆列车。如图)
请小朋友将声母卡片、韵母卡、整体认读音节按顺序摆放在指定的列车车厢里,哪一组摆放得又快又正确,列车就能最先开动,你就能最早欣赏到乐园全貌了。
参考答案:按顺序排列的声母表、韵母表、整体认读音节
(点评:在优美明快的音乐声中,学生似乎找到了知音,学得不亦乐乎,不知不觉中巩固了汉语拼音的排列顺序,也充分体现了学生自主合作的能力。)
三、总结。
这节课,我们在轻松愉快的活动中复习了声母、韵母和整体认读音节,大家表现得也很棒,老师相信在今后的学习中,同学们会比现在更出色。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇8
一、教材目标
1、是认读6个单韵母、10个声母。
2、是比较并抄写形近的声韵母。
3、是看图拼读音节。
4、是练习拼音,认识事物,把音节和图画正确地连起来。
5、是认读巩固学过的字。
二、教学准备
拼音字母卡片,生字卡片。
三、课时安排
2课时。
四、教学过程
第一课时
教学注意:
这是汉语拼音部分的第一个复习,学生理解题意会有困难,教师要具体指导,让学生先弄清题目的`意思和要求,再进行练习。
一、复习指导第一题读字母
1、先让学生自己读,教师提示要读准每个字母的音;
2、再同桌两人互读;
3、最后老师把卡片打乱顺序用开火车的方法轮读,看谁读得又准又快。
二、复习指导第二题,比较形近的声韵母,可分两步进行。
第一步,指导学生区别b—d、f—t、n—m、u—ü。
1、先集体认读,
2、再说说它们的相同点和不同点。如b和d,都是由竖和半圆两笔组成,但是半圆的位置不同,读音也不同。b是竖、右下半圆,d是竖、左下半圆,可以用顺口溜区别:
右下半圆bbb,左下半圆ddd。
第二步对比书写,边抄写边小声读字母。
三、复习指导第三题“看看读读”
1、先看图
2、再拼读音节。其中lǎba、yīfu中有轻声音节,教师示范轻声的读法。pùbù两个音节形近音近,要提示学生看清读准。
四、复习指导第四题:
(1)看看图上画了哪六种动物;
(2)拼读音节,指一指音节所说的动物在哪里;
(2)照鸭、yā的样子,画线把动物和相应的音节连起来。
五、总结本课学习情况,表扬表现好的学生。
第二课时
一、复习指导第五题巩固认字
1、先让同桌两人一个打乱顺序指,一个认,互换练习,
2、老师检查认读。
3、最后可启发学生想想:哪两个字可连成一个词,用卡片摆一摆,摆对了大家读,摆得不合适大家说:请重摆。
4、这些字可组成的词有:大米、土地、大马、大地。
二、扩展活动
1做游戏“看谁找得准,找得快”。
听老师或同学读音节,看谁又准又快地在自己的卡片中找出相应的声母和韵,并且摆成音节读一读。
2做游戏“给声母找朋友”。
把6个单韵母和10个声母的卡片分别贴在16位同学的胸前。
胸前贴着声母的同学依次走上讲台,问:“谁是我的好朋友”如果某位同学胸前贴着可以与之相拼的韵母,就要立即走上讲台,站在他的左侧,并大声读出所拼的音节。
3做游戏“找朋友”。
把6个单韵母和10个声母的卡片分别贴在16位同学的背后。15位同学围成一个圈,一位同学站在圈里。大家一起唱歌《找朋友》,歌声结束时圈里的同学需认定某人是他的朋友,然后看这位同学背后贴的字母。如果两个人贴的字母不能相拼,或能相拼但他没有拼读正确,就要继续找朋友,直到找到相应的声母或韵母并拼读正确为止。此时,由找到的朋友进到圈里,游戏继续进行。
如果做游戏的人数超过16人,可以增加某些带调韵母。
三、总结本课学习情况,表扬表现好的学生。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇9
教材分析:本次复习包括四项内容,一是比较形近韵母;二是拼读音节,并恰当地和图连接起来;三是认读词语;四是读儿歌并动手拼一拼图形。
学情分析:由于学生年龄小,刚进校不久,学习汉语拼音是比较抽象和枯燥无味的,为此在设计时要尽量贴近生活,增强趣味性,让学生爱学乐学。
教学目标:1、能区分形近的韵母ie-ei,iu-ui,ei和er。
2、能把图和音节连接起来,培养学生的观察能力。
3、利用儿歌拼图形,培养动手能力。
设计理念:《语文课标》明确指出,汉语拼音教学尽可能有趣味性,宜以活动和游戏为主,本次设计旨在把活动与游戏带入课堂,寓教于乐,增强趣味性。
教具学具准备:图片、卡片、投影等。
教学过程:
一、故事引入,比较形近韵母。
师:同学们,你们喜欢听故事吗?
生:喜欢。
师:老师给大家讲一个故事孙悟空和师傅从西天取经回来后,住在花果山水帘洞,悟空每天早晨都要摘几个新鲜的桃子吃,今天他又去果园摘桃子,发现桃子上有许多韵母,师傅对悟空说,如果读不准韵母就不许他吃桃子,这可把悟空难住了,你们原意帮帮他吗?
生:愿意。
师:好,我们就来读一读。(出示写着i、e、u、r四个单韵母的桃子图)(开火车读,全班齐读)
师:同学们读得真好,悟空一定会感谢你们的,可是这些韵母跟孙悟空一样也会变,变了以后你们还认识吗?
生:认识。
师:试试看吧,老师来教大家做一个过家家的游戏,看看它们是怎样变的,能变出哪些韵母来。(分别手持i、e、u、r卡片的同学上台)
师:台上的同学听好啰,老师说,你们变,台下的同学认真看。
师:过家家,过家家,i和e是一家,i在前,e在后,组成一家是个啥?
生:ie(教师板书ie)
师:真好,下面请同学说,看它们变得对不对。(分别变出ei、iu、ui、er)(也可以先变再说)同学们真了不起,一下子变出了这么多,再看看哪几个模样相似呀!
生:ie-eiiu-uiei-er(教师板书)让学生比较齐读。(教师随意变换,出示不同的韵母,检查掌握情况)
二、在游玩,做客的活动中复习音节与词语。
师:花果山不仅有桃子,还有可爱的动物,美丽的风景,孙悟空想带你们这些聪明的小朋友去看一看,大家愿意吗?
生:愿意。
师:好,我们现在来到了花果山,我们看到了可爱的动物,它们叫什么呀?(出示投影或图片指导看图,然后由教师领读,学生轮读)
师:我们又看到了美丽的景物。(出示投影)是些什么景物?
生:红梅,柳树,小桥。(师指着图领读)
师:说得不错,同学们看得真仔细,你能给它取个拼音名字吗?(学生试着拼读,教师领读,再图与音节连线)
师:孙悟空真是太高兴了,他还要带你们到他家去作客,见一见他的家人,向你们介绍他喜欢做的事。(进入第三题)
师:请同学们按着横排的顺序读一读,想一想。(出示内容)(生开火车轮读,齐读)
师:他家里有哪些人呀?指名读第一排。
生:爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、弟弟。
师:谁来把第一排读给大家听。(指名读)读得真好,能把后面的一个字读轻声。(指导学生加上.)教师领读后,指名读,大家一起齐读。
师:谁来当小老师领着同学们读(指名领读)再读一读第二排,想一想说了些什么呀?
生:说了小鸡、小鱼、河马、水牛。(反复读)
师:为什么说这些?
生:孙悟空喜欢这些动物。
师:孙悟空在家里最喜欢做什么事情呢?(读第三排)你们会做吗?
生:会。
师:谁能给我们表演一下?
生:读书是这个样子的。(边说边做动作,依次读词语,表演)
师:好,我们来一排一排地读一读,看看谁读得最好?(生归纳)指名读,开火车读。
三、读儿歌,拼图形,培养想象力。
师:看来孙悟空做的事情,大家都会,孙悟空还会读儿歌,拼图形,同学们和他比一比,看看谁最聪明。
师:跟着老师读儿歌。(老师领读)(反复读)小兔、小鸭长得什么样儿?
生:小鸭嘴巴扁,小兔尾巴短。
师:你会拼图吗?试试看。(老师示范)(分组让学生动手摆一摆,看一看,象什么?)
师:我们的小朋友跟孙悟空一样聪明,让我们来做一个找朋友的游戏,庆祝我们取得的成绩吧。
生:好。(手持一个字,找能与自己组成词的字。)(跳找朋友的舞蹈,边跳边找,一曲完了,找对的同学站到旁边,找错了的接着跳,找对为止)
(卡片:花、读、画、骑、吃、爱、草、书、马、小车、河)
师:这节课同学们表现得很好,老师真高兴。
教后反思:这次对汉语拼音的教学设计,意在体现趣味性,教学过程中分别采用了讲故事做游戏,表演等多种形式来激发学生的兴趣。对于每一部分内容的出现也尽量直观多样,无论是韵母,图画都涂上了鲜艳的色彩来增强吸引力,让学生在听觉视觉上产生共鸣,整个教学中学生处在活泼乐学的氛围里,由于学生年龄小,遗忘性也较快,在指导会读的基础上还要反复背诵、理解,多指导书写,做到声、形、义的统一。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇10
汉语拼音复习二
一、学习目标:
(一)、创设情境,通过有趣的游戏复习23个声母,体会学拼音的乐趣。
(二)、在有趣的情境游戏中认读音节,区分形近、音近的声母,学习认识事物,将词语分类,进行初步思维训练,巩固拼读方法。
(三)、摘苹果的游戏中巩固认识的字,提高口头表达的能力。
二、课前准备:
(一)、创设一个美丽的大果园。
(二)、23个声母的字母卡片,声母表。
(三)、学过的30个生字卡片。
(三)、学生准备小棒、毛线、橡皮泥等物品。
三、教学流程:
第一课时
(一)、创设情境,小组合作学习声母表。(我会连)
(在大黑板上画上或帖上花草、果树等布置成一个美丽的大果园。学生分成几个小组)
1、情境导入:小朋友,今天我们一起去果园摘苹果,好吗?可是,这段时间,我们认识了许多声母娃娃,他们也想和我们一起去?愿意带他们吗?
2、好,我们分小组进行比赛,看哪一组带得好顺利到达果园?我们开火车一起去,比比哪一组开得顺利?学生分小组开火车读声母。
3、我们的队伍一起来到果园门口,看声母娃娃排得多整齐,贴声母表。
声母娃娃非常守纪律,有一定的顺序。小朋友自己读读,分小组用卡片选一句或几句按顺序排一排,排出喜欢的形状图形。
4、小组合作按字母顺序连成一幅图。可以是书上的海豚图,也可以是其他的图形。
各小组进行汇报。
(二)、摆一摆,小组合作巩固拼音字母。(我会摆)
1、我们的声母朋友可真多,有23个字母,怪不得果园门口的叔叔阿姨怕弄错了,还是让我们先不要进去,帮他们想想办法来区分区分,你们说说我们可以利用什么办法?
2、学生汇报平时积累的学习方法如:用棒,绳,橡皮泥,手势,肢体造型等。举例
3、小组合作从准备的材料中选择自己喜欢的方式来摆声母形状。
学生自主探索、自由活动创意摆声母造型
4、交流。
(三)、互相介绍,小组合作找找姓里的声母。(我会想)
1、小朋友的办法还真不错,果园的叔叔阿姨记住了许多声母娃娃,他们让我们和拼音字母手拉手,结成一个个小小组去果园玩呢。
让我们和拼音字母交好朋友,介绍自己和别人姓里的声母。
2、同桌互相介绍。
3、小组的形式找找姓里的声母互相介绍。结好对子进入果园。
(四)、作业延伸。
1、按顺序熟读声母表。
2、生活中收集更多的方法记一记声母。
第二课时
(一)、猜一猜,拼一拼。(我会读。)
1、猜一猜游戏:我们大家在果园尽情地玩开了,玩起了猜一猜游戏。(把卡片或音节藏在果园的花草树木中。)
区分易混淆的声母:z-zhc-chs-shr-lp-qb-d
区分音节:zū-zhūc-chsu-shun-lp-qbǔ-dǔ
利用卡片猜一猜。
2、用卡片对对子的方法进行拼读。注意结合自己学习体会强调读准平翘舌音、鼻音。
3、补充拼读。
(二)、找一找,连一连。(读读连连)
1、我们大家又玩起了找朋友的游戏。(卡片音节词摆放在果园的各种事物中。)
2、先找出来自由拼读。再小组互相帮助纠正易读错的音节。并相互介绍这些是什么?
3、找找规律,连一连。
4、交流:说明理由。
5、每一类再扩展延伸,并进行口头说话训练。
(三)、摘一摘,说一说。(我会认)
(画一些苹果,写上认识的字,帖在苹果树上,可以分批挂。)
1、玩得累了吧!看这么多苹果,想不想马上摘一个来吃吃?可是苹果里面还藏着秘密呢?我们一起来看看。(把苹果翻过来,反面写着认识的字。)
2、自己读读。看谁读得好,读得多,就请谁来摘苹果吃。
3、学生摘苹果:①、生指着读,读对了才可摘,
说说你怎么记住它的?当小老师领着全班读。(奖苹果)
②、小组比赛摘读。
③、说句子。
把表示人的摘下来,放于句首:爸爸。妈妈。哥哥。弟弟。我。
摘字排句。用句式说等进行训练。
(四)、作业延伸。
课外找找易错的音节读一读,生活中找找认识的字说一说。
一年级拼音复习课件 篇11
教学目标:
1、按声母的顺序连线组成动物图形,通过有趣的练习形式复习声母。
2、运用事物摆字母的字形。
3、了解同学的姓,能够拼读姓,明确声母是什么。
4、拼读音节,区分平、翘舌音和音、形相近的声母,进一步练习拼音。
5、拼读音节,并将同一类的事物连起来。
6、能够认读所学的生字,并能给生字组词。
课时安排:2课时
第一课时
课时目标:
1、按声母的顺序连线组成动物图形,通过有趣的练习形式复习声母。
2、运用事物摆字母的字形。
3、了解同学的姓,能够拼读姓,明确声母是什么。
教学过程:
(一)第一题:我会连。
1、卡片认读23个声母。
2、讲清方法:从声母b开始,按顺序连线,学生用铅笔试连。
3、问:你是怎么连的?(什么字母和什么字母相连)
4、连成了什么动物图形。(同桌互相检查,教师巡查。)
(二)第二题:我会摆。
1、看图,猜猜图上摆出的是什么字母?
2、你能学着他的样子,摆摆我们已经学过的字母吗?(鼓励发挥想象)
3、读一读摆出的字母,可背顺口溜。
(三)第三题:我会想。
1、你叫什么名字?你知道同学们的名字吗?
2、师:每个人的名字都由姓和名两部分组成,在名字前面的是姓,一般都是一个字,如:……,但也有两个字的姓,如:……。跟在姓后面的就是你的名,如:……。
3、你能说说自己的姓和名吗?同学的呢?
4、认读声母:g k h j q x zh ch sh,看看哪些同学的姓里有这些字母。
5、游戏,老师报同学的名字,大家立即说出姓的声母。
第二课时
课时目标:
1、拼读音节,区分平、翘舌音和音、形相近的声母,进一步练习拼音。
2、拼读音节,并将同一类的事物连起来。
3、能够认读所学的生字,并能给生字组词。
教学过程:
(一)第四题:我会读。
1、以组为单位出示音节,指名读。
2、说说每组音节有什么区别?读和写的时候要注意什么?
3、领读、带读、开火车读、齐读音节。
(二)第五题:读读连连。
1、自由拼读音、指名读、开火车读、齐读,教师正音,强调没有标声调的,读轻声,要读得又轻又短。
2、看看书上连线的一组词语,为什么把它们连在一起?
3、学生试着自己连接剩下的词语,并说说理由,教师校对。
4、说话练习:我把bō luó和yā lí连在一起,因为它们都属于水果。
(三)第六题:我会认。
1、做摘苹果游戏:一张贴有生字的苹果树插图,请学生认认这些生字,会念的大声念出来,并把这个带生字的苹果送给学生。
2、领读、带读、指名读、开火车读、齐读生字。
3、谁能给这些苹果找找朋友?
内容概括:这篇介绍了关于《汉语拼音复习二》教学设计二,复习二,希望对你有帮助!
高三英语复习课件4篇
俗话说,凡事预则立,不预则废。在幼儿教育专业的学生的学习中,常常会提前准备一些资料。资料的定义范围较大,可指代生产资料。有了资料的帮助会让我们在工作中更加如鱼得水!只不过,你是否知道有哪些幼师资料种类呢?小编现在向你推荐高三英语复习课件4篇,相信你能从中找到需要的内容!
高三英语复习课件【篇1】
1.now that; due to; because of; owing to; since; as
now that作“既然”讲时,相当于since。now that中的that 可省去。如:Now(that)you are well again, you can travel, 你既然恢复了健康,就能够旅行了。
due to作 “起因于、归功于”时,常作表语或跟在名词后,如:
His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失败源于他缺少经验。
Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious results.粗枝大叶造成的错误可能带来严重后果。
The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
because of“由于、因为”,在句中作状语或表语。如:
Lincoln is admired because of his good leadership.林肯由于其出色的领导而受到人们的赞赏。
His anger is because of your bad deeds.他是因你的失礼行为而生气。
owing to“由于、因为”,常在现代英语中与because of, due to换用。如:
Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.由于天气不好,我不能把它进行下去。
此组动词意为“联合、连接”。
combine意为“结合、联合”,指为了某一目的而把两事物结合在一起。如:
We must combine theory with practice.我们必须把理论和实践联系起来。
He combines botany with chemistry.他把植物学和化学联系起来了。
connect“连接”,指用东西把两事物连接在一起,或两事物直接相连,二者仍保持原状。
The two cities are connected by a railway. 两座城市由铁路相连。
He connected the gas stove with gas pipe.他把煤气和接在煤气炉上。
join意为“连接”,指以线、绳、桥等把两物或两地连接在一起,和connect意思相近,也可指两物互相紧密相接。如:
We had better join the island to the mainland with a steel bridge.我们最好建一座钢筋桥把这个岛与大陆连接起来。
Where does this stream join the Changjiang River?这条河和长江在哪里会合?
unite意为“联合”,指两种以上的事物结合为一体,有合二为一的意味,强调结合后的统一性。
The two companies will unite into one.这两家公司将合并成一家。
The whole family united to help him.全家齐心协力帮助他。
repair指将受损、故障、用旧之物修理好,如用于修补机械方面的东西多用repair。如:
Ask him to repair my watch/TV set.请他给我修一下手表/电视机。
The garage charged forty dollars to repair the car. 修车行修理这辆车收了四十美元。
repair还可作“弥补、补偿”讲。如:
How can I repair the damage I have caused?我怎样才能弥补我造成的损失?
I’d like to repair our differences .我想我们应该重归于好。
mend指将打破、撕碎或用坏之物修补完整,“缝补衣服”多用mend。如:
His clothes need mending.他的衣服该补了。
She mended the broken jar with cement. 她用水泥把破碎的缸补好了。
mend 还可意为“改正、纠正、治愈、使恢复健康”等。如:
The prisoner is mending his way.囚犯在改过自新。
It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢,犹未为晚。
两者均是形容词,意思是“值得……的”,用法如下:
(1)worthy可以作定语,worth不能。例如:
(2)worth后面直接跟名词(多为表示钱或代价的名词),其作用相当于介词;worthy后面接名词时须与of连用(一般不接表示钱的名词)。例如:This second-hand book is worth 100 dollars.这本旧书值100美元。
His deed is worthy of praise.他的事迹值得赞扬。
(3)worth后面可直接跟动名词的主动结构;worthy后接动名词的被动结构,且须与of连用,worthy后也可接不定式的被动式。例如:
This book is worth reading./ This b
高三英语复习课件【篇2】
1.利用课文的词、句复习,训练学生的组句能力。从词和句入手,将每个单元课文的词和句与基础写作结合起来,是培养和提高学生的英语能力的有效途径。这不仅能帮助提高学生记忆和灵活应用词汇的能力,而且还有助于训练学生语句表达的正确性。
(1)归纳词汇和句型,帮助学生建立对词、句使用的感性认识。写作是一种语言的输出形式,只有大量的语言输入,语言输出才有可能;只有积累了一定的感受和大量的语言素材,写作才有可能进行。为了帮助学生记忆课文中的单词和短语,达到积累语言素材,掌握基本语法知识与语句结构的目的,教师可以从训练学生归纳每个单元课文中出现的重要词汇、短语和常用句型入手,使学生对句型结构的认识更加清楚,并对词、句的使用语境形成感性的认识。
(2)操练词汇和句型,训练学生的记忆和使用词、句的能力。为了使学生掌握和应用课文中所学词汇和句型,教师应为学生创设多层次的练习活动,拓宽写作的.训练途径。教师可采用将学生从课文中归纳的词汇、句型进行词类转换、习惯用法、句型转换、完型填空、写短文等形式的训练,帮助提高学生的记忆和使用词、句的能力。
二、借鉴课文词、句进行仿写。
通过提供情景让学生模仿造句,不仅可以降低写作难度,而且可以增加学生写作的兴趣、自信和成就感,使学生的遣词造句的能力在实践中得到提升。
三、借鉴课文句型,训练写作多种表达与技巧,拓展学生思维。
教师在教学实践中会发现,学生在基础写作中往往出现句式雷同、语句呆板、行文单一等现象,缺乏用5个句子有效表达和传输信息的能力。因此,教师就有必要继续进一步加强句子多样化表达、句子转换替代、句子合并等训练,教会学生使用不同的短语、句型结构表达同一的意义;同时,还让学生明白写作的逻辑原则:一个句子表达的信息量越多,而且使用的句子越精练、清楚,那么句意表达和传输信息就越有效。
四、利用课文体裁,训练学生谋篇布局的能力。
教师会发现高三学生在写作中存在的另一个问题是层次不清、结构散乱以及逻辑性不强,这是因为学生缺乏谋篇布局的能力。针对这方面问题,教师可以在教学中利用课文的体裁进行文章结构方面的训练以及进行句子、段落间的连接训练。
高三英语复习课件【篇3】
英语阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,而是要求阅读者根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义,这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此,考生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,哲学原理,并借助一定的常识进行分析,推理,判断。
推理题经常使用的提问方式有:
It can be inferred/ concluded that___________.
Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?
The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.
The writer suggests that___________.
What's the author's attitude toward___________?
The writer probably feels that___________.
The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.
判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循。
推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等,进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事,断章取义,以偏概全。③要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。立足现在,预测未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。
要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth瞭ellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth瞭eller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, “He said he lives on the western side of the island.”
Is the messenger a truth瞭eller or not? How can the visitor be sure?
1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________
A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.
B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.
C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.
2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?
A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.
B. He may live on the western side of the island.
C. He may be telling the truth.
D. He can't be telling the truth.
【解析】 第1题是推测有关信使(近处的当地人)的情况的。我们知道,讲真话的部落住在岛的西部,撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边(东部还是西部)。远方的当地人只能有两种情况,要么住在岛的西部,要么住在岛的东部。如果他住在岛的西部,他就是一个讲真话的人,他就会如实回答他住在西部。如果他住在岛的东部,他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部,但在回答时,必须要说谎,他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部,他的回答只有一个:“我住在西部”。如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部,信使无疑是说了真话,那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之,如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部,那么信使就说了假话,信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。
第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看,我们无法判定远方的当地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部,两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要注意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”;B.“他可能住在岛的东部”;C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”,语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signedme to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?“ “Why, yes.” I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother.“ she said, “Would you like to meet her?”
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love withhim
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.
A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much
【解析】 这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好,作者产生误解,以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊,作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身,并提到她母亲也是单身,并邀请他与她母亲见面,可见,女孩每天向他问好,目的是想取得他的好感,进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。
The entertainment profession or “show business“ attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old瞗ashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must changehis “act” in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians ,but perhaps most of all singers.
“Pop“ stands for “popular” and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans“.The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir”(纪念品). They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And - most important - he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public .
1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________.
A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests
C. To help him to change his “act“ D .So that he can relax
2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________
A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public
B. Because he wants to sell more records
C. Because he wants to become popular
D. Because he wants to stay popular
【解析】 1. 答案为B。因果推断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道,正因为这个行业竞争激烈,所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动,协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。
2. 答案为D。因果推断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作,直接原因文中已有论述,即,表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业,新人不断涌现,对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么?通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作,是因为他要保持他的名气,延长他的艺术生命。
Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the ﹊nnkeeper.ァ癥ou, have served me well, innkeeper, ” said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want.“
“Sir, we want nothing, ” said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something?“ァ癢hat is it?” Napoleon asked.
“We have heard a story.“ said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?” Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.
At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.
“Please, sir.“ begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! we meant nothing!” The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!“ The wife screamed. “Stop!” said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?“
1. Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for?
A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.
B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.
C. He showed his玸ympathy(同情) to Napoleon in time of danger.
D. He was interested in other's failure, especially Napoleon's.
2. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?
A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.
B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.
C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.
D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.
【解析】 1. 此题为因果推断题。根据“Sir, we want nothing, ” said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something?“ 可以看出来,这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为A。
2. 因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?” 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板,他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为D。
高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意:
1)由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
2)特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right,“ said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead.”
“Well sir,“ said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”
The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!“
1. What kind of man would you say the old man was?
A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant.
C. He was very proud and sure of his health.
D. He was very impolite to young people.
【解析】 记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人,希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话(我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我?你好像还很健康呀!)表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。
Three men were discussing how to玠onate(捐献) money to God. At first they couldn't agree with each other, then they each told his own idea.
The first man said: “Let's draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle belongs to God.”
The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts.“
The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Let's throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can.”
At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily.
1. According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion:
A. All the three men were kind瞙earted.
B. The third man is more generous(大方)than the other two.
C. None of them believed in God.
D. Three men are all stingy(吝啬) people.
【解析】 从三人提的建议看,他们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱,三人都是吝啬的人,故选D。
有些内容文章中没有明确说明,要求考生根据语篇,对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写,也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述),从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。
We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However…
1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about inthe third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing.
B. Computers are as clever as man.
C. Many people like computers very much.
D.I don't think computers will replace us completely.
【解析】 本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势,但作者用 however 一词预示将引出相反的观点,答案为D。
There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt .He got out of the car and walkedto the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the玤arage(汽车修理厂) for help. The door was opened by one of his patients.
“Oh, Doctor.“ she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help”.
1. Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?
A. “Yes, he does need help - your help, not mine.“
B. “Another accident? I've just had an accident myself?”
C. “I got your call and rushed over. I hope I'm not too late.“
D. “I didn't get your call. But I'm here and hope I can help”.
【解析】 出事故的车恰恰是医生的车,当他听他的病人说出事司机需要帮助时,他会不失幽默地说:“是的,他需要帮助,是你的帮助,而不是我的帮助”。--他要借用病人家的电话给修车厂打电话。答案是A。
此题型要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象,客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
Imagine that the genome(基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube.
1. The real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________.
A. to focus on the differences between the two
B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two
C. to simplify the concept of the human genome
D. to give an exact description of the human genome
【解析】 “基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把“基因组”比作一本书,使一般读者能通俗形象地了解“基因组”的概念。故答案为C。
Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday瞞akers and othertourists(观光者).
Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town's newspaper. The Beldon Post: FIRE AT SEABREEZE
Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors: “Please don't smoke cigarettes in bed.“ This was Beldon's first hotel fire for five years.
The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one:
ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE
Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday瞞aker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.
” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.
What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.
Now what do you think of the rest of the “news“ ?
1. The Canfield Times used the 玥eadline(标题)like this in order to make its readers think ___________.
A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire
B. hotels in Beldon don't often catch fire
C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel
D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe
【解析】 答案为 A。作者意图推断题。本文通过两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道,对新闻报道的真实性提出了怀疑。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个关键词,暗示了Beldon的宾馆火灾频繁。
高三英语复习课件【篇4】
一、请根据下面的提示和要求写一篇说理文。
提示:
(1) 英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一。讲英语的人近三亿。
(2) 英语是国际会议中使用得最多的工作语言。世界上有百分之六十的电台和百分之七
十的邮件(mail)用英语。数以百万计的书籍和杂志是用英语写的。
(3) 借助英语可以更快、更好地学习现代科学和技术。学好英语,我们可以更好地为祖国服务。
Why Do We Study English?
English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. It is spoken by nearly three hundred million people: in England, the United States, Australia, Canada and many other countries. It is one of the working languages at international meetings and is more used than the others. It is said that 60 percent of the world's radio broadcasts and 70 percent of the world's mail are in English. Millions of books and magazines are written in English, too. English is really a bridge to knowledge. With the help of English we can learn modern science and technology faster and better form the developed countries. In this way we can serve our country better.
二、请根据下面的提示和要求写一篇文。
提示:
(1) 不少学生可能抽烟,学生中抽烟的人数还在增多。
(2) 一份调查报告透露,某校有五分之二以上的学生抽烟,有些学生甚至偷了钱买烟。
(3) 对中学生来说,抽烟的危害比成年人更大。抽烟不仅有害于身体,还有害于思想。
(4) 中学生是国家未来的建设者。抽烟的学生该下决心戒烟了。
请根据上面的提示,写一篇题为“Give Up Smoking”的短文,字数约120个。
Smoking is a widespread habit even among school children. The number of young smokers is increasing.
It is reported that over two-fifths of the students in a certain school smoke, and some of them even steal money to buy cigarettes, This is terrible.
As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. But it's even more harmful to middle school students for it does great harm not only to their health but also to their mind.
Middle school students are future builders of the country. They should spend their time learning what is useful. So it's really time that these young smokers made up their minds to give up smoking.
三、
假设你是李红,你的一位美国笔友Robert写E-mail问及你高考后暑假的`安排,请根据以下要点,写一封100词左右的email回复他, 可以适当增加细节。1. 学开车 2. 参加英语培训课程 3. 去北京看奥运会 4. 游览北京的名胜
注意:1.根据以上内容写一篇短文,不要逐句翻译,可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
2.要准确使用语法和词汇;使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思;3. 词数:100个左右。开头已给出,不计词数。
(One possible version)Dear Robert:
How time flies! The happy days we shared often shines in my memory. What about youAs you know, my college entrance exam is approaching, which also announces the end of this sort of pressing study life. However,I
intend to have a meaningful summer vacation. First, I will learn to drive to get a driving license, which is a new activity for a high school graduate in China. I will have a good rest, enjoying my hobbies. Then I will take some English courses to improve my English communication ability, With the Olympics beginning, I will be a participant of it, watching the basketball match between
China and the US. I have been dreaming of Kobe’s performance long. After that,
I will pay a visit to some tourist attractions to widen my horizon. That is the plan for my vacation. I am looking forward to being told about your arrangements of vacation. Give me your quick reply soon, OK Best wishes!
这是一篇提纲式的议论文写作素材,探讨国计民生的社会热点话题:粮食价格上涨。写作时要注意避免逐句翻译,并适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
Hello, everyone,
Now I’ll tell you something about our research project The World Food
Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social uest in some areas. But who is responsible for the current world food crisisFirst, annual world grains output has declined because of climate change. Then lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Besides, faced with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels, which has worsened the severe situation.
Then what should we do to deal with the problemOn one hand, we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the
other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland. Of course, to
build a harmonious world the developed countries should take their responsibilities to help the poor ones experiencing food shortage.As for me, I will call on the people around me to live thriftily. And for the
moment, I think, we should study hard to develop science and help solve the food shortage in the future.
拼音复习课件
笔者特地制作了一份涵盖了“拼音复习课件”相关知识点的总结,供大家参考。在教师的工作中,教案课件是不可或缺的,但教师们必须明白教案课件不是随便草草写就的。只有写好教案课件,才能避免关键内容被遗漏。希望大家能将本页添加至浏览器收藏夹,以便日后阅读。
拼音复习课件【篇1】
一、教学目标:
教学“我会读、读读背背、我会读”这几道题。
二、教学过程:
三、谈话导入:
上节课我们玩得很开心,这节课会更有趣:
四、学习新课
(一)我会读:
1、用简笔画划出一朵花,让学生说出这是什么,再出示词语“花朵”。草地等词语均以这种形式出现。
2、学生自由认读这些词卡,教师随意抽取词卡让学生认读。
3、八词卡发给学生,请学生贴在相应的位置,指生读,齐读,开火车读。
(二)读读背背:
1、出示课文插图,学生观察,说说图上的内容。
2、课文有一首儿歌描写了这一幅图的景象,请同学们读一读。
要求:借助拼音读准儿歌。想想:你读懂了什么?还有什么不明白的?
3、质疑解疑。问:求姑娘发来了什么电报?
4、指导朗读背诵。
(三)会读:复习声母、韵母、整体认读音节。
1、出示声母:认读后想一想,这些都是什么?
出示形近声母让学生去别认读,编顺口溜认读。(b-d p-q f-t)
出示音近的声母让学生认读,要求发音准确。(zh z ch c sh s n l)
2、全班按顺序认读韵母,再由老师抽取卡片让学生开火车认读。
出示形近的韵母让学生辨析比较(ie ei iu ui an ang en eng in ing a an ang e en
eng in ing)
3、复习整体认读音节:
以四人小组为单位认读正体认读音节。
尝试归类记4忆:zhi-chi-shi-ri zi-ci-si yi-yin-ying ye-yue
yu-yun-yuan wu
4、做游戏:找朋友,如:学生说一个词:白云,手中拿yun的学生站起来说,“白云你的朋友在这里。”
五、教师小结:
这节课,同学们复习了所有的声母、韵母、整体认读音节,可要牢牢记住,对我们学习汉字有很大的帮助。
拼音复习课件【篇2】
1.分小组一齐动手将所学过的拼音用小木棍、小绳子和小圆点组合起来,但不能重复。(哪一组摆得多,摆得快,摆得认真的奖一颗星星)
2.每组推荐一位同学把你们组摆出来的拼音读给大家听。(发音标准的奖一颗星星)
3.每个小组的同学将自己组的拼音读一读,也可以邀请其他组的同学来读。
4.请一个小组将自己组的作品展示出来,然后推荐一位同学带领全班同学一齐读一读,然后开火车读。
5.把形状相似的拼音摆在一起,然后小组讨论一下哪里相同,哪里不相同?自己又是怎么区别的?将你的方法向全班同学介绍一下。(哪组讨论得热烈奖一颗星星,哪个同学能大胆地将自己记拼音的方法介绍给其他同学的奖两颗星星)
6.把形状相似的拼音在四线格写一写、比一比、读一读,然后考考别人。(认真的小组奖励一颗星星)
7.请一些同学将自己的学习成果向全班同学展示出来。
拼音复习课件【篇3】
教学目标:
1.掌握所学的6个单韵母和10个声母。
2.比较并抄写形近的声韵母。
3.能够看图说话,拼读音节。
4.认识事物,把音节和图正确地连接起来。
5.能认读本单元所学的生字和词语。
教学重难点:
1.能够看图说话,拼读音节。
2.认识事物,把音节和图正确地连接起来。
教学时间:
两课时
教学准备:
多媒体课件
第一课时
教学内容:
1.掌握所学的6个单韵母和10个声母。
2.比较并抄写形近的`声韵母。
教学步骤:
一、第一题:我会读
(一)出示拼音火车,打乱顺序认读
(二)按顺序连读6个单韵母和10个声母,区分字母不同的发音方法。
二.第二题:我会写
(一)出示:b---d f---t n---m u---ü
先集体认读,再说出它们的相同点和不同点。可用顺口溜区别。
右下半圆b b b,左下半圆d d d
一根拐杖f f f,小鱼跳舞t t t
两个门洞m m m,一个门洞n n n
(二)对比抄写,边抄写边小声念字母
(三)游戏:给声母找朋友
把6个单韵母和10个声母的卡片分别写在黑板上,问:“谁是谁的好朋友?”声母与韵母相拼,并大声读所拼出的音节。
第二课时
教学内容:
1.能够看图说话,拼读音节。
2.认识事物,把音节和图正确地连接起来。
3.能认读本单元所学的生字和词语。
教学步骤:
一、第三题:看看读读
(一)看看图上画着哪些东西,你认识吗?根据学生的回答出示音节:lǎ ba、 mù tī、 yī fu、pù bù
(二)你能用上这些词语来说一句话吗?
(三)读音节。(指名读、开小火车、齐读)
二、第四题:我会连
(一)看看图上画着哪几种动物?
(二)拼读音节,指一指音节所说的动物在哪里?
(三)画线把动物和相应的音节连起来。
三、第五题:我会认
(一)打乱顺序,卡片认读生字、词语:大、土、米、我、马、地、爸爸、妈妈。(指名读、开火车、齐读)。
拼音复习课件【篇4】
六年级拼音字词复习检测
一、请按顺序写出声母。(3分)_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
二、写出下列大写字母所对应的小写字母。(5分)Q()M()R()G()S()D()V()B()P()L()
三、请把下列字母按音序排列。(3分)R T B S Q V ______________________________
四、认真读下面的字,再按要求写下来。(4分)惩 衡 荆 盈 侦 铭 侵 赠 吟 肆 呻
(1)韵母是en的:____________(2)韵母是ing的:______________(3)翘舌音:__________________(4)平舌音:__________________
五、按要求排列下面的汉字。(3分)
蛮 膘 削 督 庸 赶
(1)按音序排列应是:_____________________(2)按部首笔画数从多到少排列应是:__________________________(3)按字的笔画数从少到多排列应是:__________________________
六、用“√”选择下列词语的正确读音。(3分)
茅塞顿开(sāi sè)供不应求(yīng yìng)揣测(chuǎi chuāi)
千载难逢(zǎi zài)辩斗(dòu dǒu)囫囵吞枣(wú hú)
七、看拼音写词语,字要写得正确、规范。(11分)
fù shuì jī chǔ kuí wú gěng yè qiè ér bù shě()
()
()
()
()
()
tān lán tuò mò méi ɡuī hú lu fēn zhì tà lái()
()
()
(
)
()
八、按实际需要查字典。(4分)
王萍看课外书时,“詹”不会读,就用()查字法查字典,先查()部,再查()画。看了二十几页后,又遇到了“吏”字,她既不会读,又找不到部首,就用()查字法查字典,查出这个字共有()画。在写一篇作文时,她不会写“无边无yi n”的“yi n”,就用()查字法查字典,先查(),再查()。
九、给下列词语中带点的字选择正确的解释,把序号填在括号里。(14分)(1)异:①不寻常;②不相同;③分开;④奇特;⑤另外。
A.异口同声()
B.独在异乡为异客()C.异常()D.异想天开()
(2)挠:①扰乱;②弯曲;③抓,搔。
A.不屈不挠()
B.阻挠()
C.抓耳挠腮()
(3)兴:①举办,发动;②引起;③旺盛;④准许;⑤流行。
A.兴风作浪()
B.兴旺()
C.兴建()
(4)危:①不安全;②损害;③端正;④高。A.危峰兀立()B.危楼高百尺()
C.居安思危()D.正襟危坐()
十、划出下面词语中的错别字,并在括号中改正。(8分)
穿流不息()
阴谋鬼计()
精兵减政()
赞叹不以()目之所急()
视死如规()
再接再励()
惊慌失错()万赖俱寂()
攻无不刻()
好高骛远()
容光唤发()喜出忘外()
目不转晴()
恍然大误()亭亭欲立()实是求事()
名列前矛()
情不自尽()
刻舟求箭()原形必露()
兴高彩烈()
永往直前()
歪风斜气()
十一、划去不是同一类的词语。(4分)(1)飞机 轮船 火车 拖拉机 汽车(2)青菜 菠菜 蔬菜 蕃茄
黄瓜(3)北京 伦敦 巴黎 华盛顿 上海(4)棉花 布匹 绸缎 呢绒
真丝
十二、划出和例子同一类的一对词。(3分)
(1)例:铅笔──文具 香蕉──水果 米──麦 纸──纸浆(2)例:外婆──外孙 外公──外甥 外婆──舅舅 爷爷──孙子(3)例:老师──学生 放映员──观众 爸爸──孩子 经理──营业员
十三、选词填空。(6分)(1)衰弱 软弱 虚弱 薄弱
别欺负困难()的人,碰到坚强的人,只好乖乖低头。
解应用题是我们数学学习中的()环节。(2)安静平静 宁静 恬静
风停了,雨住了,西湖的水面又恢复了()。
上课铃响了,校园()下来了。(3)周密 秘密 精密
海洋科学家正在研制可以探测海底奥秘的()仪器。工程人员在设计中,各种数据都要经过()计算。(4)激烈 热烈 猛烈
战士们的心在()地跳动,恨不得一下子飞过江去。在我军的()攻击下,敌军再抵抗也是无用的。(5)改进 改正 改善 改变
有错误,()了,就是好孩子。
我们要不断()自己的学习方法,提高学习成绩。
近几年来,人民的生活水平有了明显()。
我们要用自己的智慧和双手,去()家乡落后的面貌。(6)持续 继续 连续 陆续
观众们()走进体育馆观看乒乓球比赛。首先进行的是男子单打比赛,在决定胜负的最后一分时,两个运动员()抽打了十几个来回才见分晓。接着,()进行女子双打比赛。运动员们高超精湛的球艺,博得观众一片喝彩,掌声()了整整一分钟。
十四、从下列词语中找出三组近义词、三组反义词。(6分)
黧黑 宝贵 鄙视 白皙 慌张 寂静
珍贵 适当 热闹 镇静 适合 藐视
近义词:()——()
反义词:()——()
()——()
()——()
()——()
()——()
十五、按词语的概念从大到小排列下列词语。(5分)
(1)公共汽车 车 交通工具 汽车
(2)双色圆珠笔 圆珠笔 文具 笔
(3)苹果树 果树 植物 树
(4)昆虫 动物 蚊子 生物
(5)小学语文课本 书 语文书 书籍
十六、把下面的词按要求分类。(12分)
(1)凝视 魁梧 端详 浓眉大眼 忐忑不安 胆颤心惊
懊悔 喜悦 苍老 目不转睛 东张西望 容光焕发
①表示“看”的词语有:________________________
②表示外貌的词语有:____________________________
③表示心理活动的词语有:________________________
(2)刻舟求剑 舍己为人 视死如归 自相矛盾 千山一碧
崇山峻岭 守株待兔 花红柳绿 拾金不昧
①表现人物品质的词语有:_____________________________
②描写自然景物的词语有:______________________________
③说明某种道理的词语有:_________________________________
(3)奋不()身
弄()作()()向荣
高瞻远()
好高()远
神机()算
()其谈
阴谋()计① 褒义词:_________________________________________________
② 贬义词:__________________________________________________
十七、分别写出四个出自神话故事(1分)、历史故事(1分)、寓言故事的成语(1分),并任意选择一个写出所包含的故事。(3分)
出自神话的成语:________________________ 出自历史的成语:________________________ 出自寓言的成语:________________________
我要写的一个寓言故事:__________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
拼音复习课件【篇5】
【学习目标】
1、读音节,区分形近、音近的声母;读音节,学习认识事物,将词语分类,进行初步思维训练,巩固拼读方法。
2、复习认识的字。初步训练把词语组成句子。
【教学过程】
一、 谈话导入
小朋友,上一节课我们已经复习了23个声母,这节课我们再来复习有关的易混声母和音节。
二、复习易混的声母
zzh cch ssh rl
pq bd
三、我会读
zūzhū cèchè suōshuō nàlà píqí búdú
1、学生自由拼读。
2、怎样才能准确的拼读音节呢?请你结合自己的学习体会给大家提个醒。(学生发言,教师注意强调读准翘舌音、鼻音)
3、指名学生读,再让学生评。
4、同桌两人互读、互评。
四、读读连连
1、出示练习内容。
2、学生自由拼读音节,然后同桌互读、互评、互帮。
3、交流:哪些音节容易读错,你们是怎样互相帮助的?
4、思考并回答:qì chē与huǒ chē为什么可以用一条线连起来?
5、学生画线连接其他音节词,并说明理由。(学生在小组内交流)
6、指名读六组连接好的音节词、学生评议(重点评议:三拼音的拼读是否准确,整体认读的音节是否读准,轻声是否注意到位)
五、认读已学过的生字
1、出示认字树:树上的果子上写有生字、将所有学过的生字全作为果子,分批挂上,让学生摘。
2、摘果子游戏:
⑴ 摘前要指着读,读对了再摘。
⑵ 带领全班读。
3、把果子全挂上,做说句子练习:
⑴ 把表示人的摘下来,放于句首:
爸爸____、妈妈____、哥哥____、弟弟____、 我____
⑵ 根据实际想一想:谁做什么?并把子摘下排成句:
例如:爸爸下棋、 弟弟骑车、 妈妈洗衣服、我读书、 哥哥画画。
拼音复习课件【篇6】
拼音复习
【教学目的】
1、通过有趣的练习形式复习23个声母,体会学拼音的乐趣。2、巩固拼音的字形,懂得拼音作用大,我们要学好它。【教学重点】 复习23个声母。【教学难点】
能准确找出学生姓里的声母。【课前准备】
拼音卡片、幻灯片、毛线、小棍等。【教学过程】
一、谈话导入
我们已经跟声母这个大家庭的每一个成员都成为了好朋友,今天是中秋节,23个成员都到我们班来做客,看,它们来了。
二、复习声母──读读记记
1、(大屏幕出示打乱顺序的声母)同学们快看看,客人都到齐了吗?(学生一个个数)
2、这样站队太乱了,我们给他们排排队,很快就能看出声母到齐了没有。把声母分七组,按顺序,用课件逐级打出声母:bpmf dtnl gkh jqx zhchsh r zcs y w,学生跟着读
3、这回再看一看,队伍整齐多了,这是声母表,以后我们就按这样的顺序给声母排队,你一定要记住它们的位置呀!(学生按顺序一组一组读声母)
4、指名读声母,同桌互相读
5、老师随便指一个,看你是否叫得出它的名字?(打乱顺序,指名抽读声母卡)
6、哪些同学能按顺序把声母表背下来?(本节不要求会背,对提前能背下来的提出表扬)
三、生活中的声母──哪些同学的姓里有下面这些声母?
1、这些声母的本领可大、了,我们的姓中就有它们呢!就拿老师的姓来说,cui 里就有声母。我们一起做“给姓找朋友”的游戏,“我姓崔,谁是我的好朋友”学生在自己的卡片中快速找出声母 c,最先找到的被请到老师旁边,举起卡片“我是 c,我是您的好朋友!” 2、学生照着老师的样子,做找朋友的游戏。指导学生在游戏过程中按“我姓X,谁是我的好朋友” “我是Y,我是你的好朋友”句式来说。
3、有几个声母,来找朋友。出示以下声母:g、k、h、l、q、x、zh、ch、sh,以小组为单位讨论:本班同学中谁的姓带有这些声母? 谁是它们的好朋友?继续做找朋友的游戏,逐一出示这9个声母,如果自己的姓中有这个声母请站起来,指导学生在游戏过程中按“我姓X,我是Y的好朋友”句式来说,如果有的同学没能及时站起来,其他同学可提醒。
4、谁找到了自己的声母朋友,你们心里在想什么?没找到朋友的同学你们在想什么?老师这儿还有几个声母,看看他们中有没有你的朋友?
逐一出示声母卡片(老师课前对学生的姓做调查,找出相应的声母),请其它同学在其中找到自己的朋友。
四、熟悉字母的形──我会摆
1、这些拼音朋友对我们的帮助可大了,我们要牢牢记住它们的样子,现在我们不用笔写它们,而要用带来的棒、毛线及手势、身体等,摆出它们的形状来,你行吗?
2、教师示范,比动作摆形,利用一根小棒和手臂摆出y。“我用手臂和小棒和手臂摆出y”
3、学生自己动脑动手摆,边摆边说“我用„„摆出„”老师巡视。4、请同学到前面展示,评一评,谁摆得最像?谁的想法最好?
五、小结
拼音对我们帮助这么大,你想对拼音说什么?
六、课后练习
今天,我们把这些声母客人带回家去,以后要常和朋友见面,能叫出它们的名字,会给声母排队,比一比,谁学得最好,谁就是它们最好的朋友。
七、板书设计 拼音复习
声母:b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s y w
八、课后小结
这是一节汉语拼音的复习课,重点复习声母,学生刚刚学完声母,对声母的顺序、声母的作用还不完全清楚,练习一“读读记记”是告诉学生23个声母是按照一定顺序排列的,这样便于识记。在这个练习中,我先出示了排列错乱的声母,再出示按顺序排列好的声母,使学生在比较中感受到声母有一定顺序,要按顺序识记。练习三“哪些同学的姓里有下面这些声母?”是引导学生在生活中学习声母,在这个练习中,我设计了找朋友这一活动,先给自己的姓找朋友(声母),再给书中的9个声母找朋友,由“谁是我的朋友”过渡到“我是谁的朋友”,这一环节的设计生动有趣,调动了学生的学习积极性,课堂气氛活跃,学生不仅在活动中感受到声母的作用大,生活离不了,在游戏活动中学习了声母,同时也在生生互动、师生互动中增进了彼此间的感情。练习二“我会摆”是让学生开动脑筋,识记字形,在这个练习中,学生开动脑筋,不仅能用小棒、毛线、手势摆出字母的形状,还能用文具、身体摆出字母的形状,对学生这种创新的摆发给予了表扬。
本节课教材设计合理,活动有趣,学生学习积极性高,在有趣的活动中复习巩固了汉语拼音。
拼音复习课件【篇7】
教学要求:
复习所学的声母、韵母及整体认读音节,并借助汉语拼音认识日常生活中常用的字。
教学过程:
一、复习所学声母、韵母及整体认读音节。
韵母;
2.比赛背整体认读音节。
二、通过故事情节复习所学声母、韵母及整体认读音节。
动物园里都有什么动物呢?(学生根据课文内容逐一拼读音节。拼读中遇到拼读规律随时让学生说出:如哪些是三拼、哪些是整体认读音节、哪些音节中的字母是u,重点强调j、q、x和{相拼把点去等等。)提示学生边拼边认字。
给这些音节找到家
bān mǎ;dài shǔ;xióng māo;gǒu xióng;jīn qián bào;
cháng jǐng lù;lǎo hǔ;hé mǎ;xī niú;shī zi;dà xiàng
学生依次将对应的音节放到相应的动物“手”中。
3.现在,我们也把咱们班的同学也介绍给小动物们好吗?现在将自己的名字用汉语拼音写下来,不会写的可以问问周围的同学。游戏“猜猜我是谁?”将学生的名字进行拼读,让同学们猜测。
4.刚才我们参观了动物园,现在也快到中午了,小朋友们邀请咱们去餐厅吃饭呢!咱们快去看看是什么餐厅,他们给我们准备了什么?
馒头、牛肉、米饭、汉堡、黄瓜、西红柿、鸡腿、茄子……将汉字图画盖起来,让学生来读拼音,通过图画检验读音是否准确,再来对相应的汉字有所了解。谁读对了,就发给谁相应的图片作为午饭。
5.动物园的小动物们要走了,咱们把要送给他们的礼物涂上它们喜欢的颜色送给他们好吗?请你拿出彩笔,为这些礼物图上漂亮的颜色吧!每张图画上都有提示,如:w7i ba shì hong sè de;y3n jing shì hēi sè de。让学生根据拼音的提示给图片涂上颜色,涂好后贴在黑板上。
三、小结
今天,我们复习了所学的声母、韵母及整体认读音节,希望大家在课下多加练习,早日把它们变成我们认字的工具。
高三数学复习课件范例14篇
开学前,老师要认真准备教案和课件,每位老师都应该精心设计教案课件,注重提高课堂互动和学生参与度。如果您想了解更多相关信息,我们强烈推荐您阅读一下“高三数学复习课件”这篇文章,相信会对大家有所帮助!
高三数学复习课件(篇1)
考试要求 重难点击 命题展望
1.理解复数的基本概念、复数相等的充要条件.
2.了解复数的代数表示法及其几何意义.
3.会进行复数代数形式的四则运算.了解复数的代数形式的加、减运算及其运算的几何意义.
4.了解从自然数系到复数系的关系及扩充的基本思想,体会理性思维在数系扩充中的作用. 本章重点:1.复数的有关概念;2.复数代数形式的四则运算.
本章难点:运用复数的有关概念解题. 近几年高考对复数的考查无论是试题的难度,还是试题在试卷中所占 比例都是呈下降趋势,常以选择题、填空题形式出现,多为容易题.在复习过程中,应将复数的概念及运算放在首位.
知识网络
15.1 复数的概念及其运算
典例精析
题型一 复数的概念
【例1】 (1)如果复数(m2+i)(1+mi)是实数,则实数m= ;
(2)在复平面内,复数1+ii对应的点位于第 象限;
(3)复数z=3i+1的共轭复数为z= .
【解 析】 (1)(m2+i)(1+mi)=m2-m+(1+m3)i是实数1+m3=0m=-1.
(2)因为1+ii=i(1+i)i2=1-i,所以在复平面内对 应的点为(1,-1),位于第四象限.
(3)因为z=1+3i,所以z=1-3i.
【点拨】 运算此类 题目需注意复数的代数形式z=a+bi(a,bR),并注意复数分为实数、虚数、纯虚数,复数的几何意义,共轭复数等概念.
【变式训练1】(1)如果z=1-ai1+ai为纯虚数,则实数a等于()
A.0 B.-1 C.1 D.-1或1
(2)在复平面内,复数z=1-ii(i是虚数单位)对应的点位于()
A.第一象限 B.第二象限 C.第三象限 D.第四象限
【解析】(1)设z=xi,x0,则
xi=1-ai1+ai1+ax-(a+x)i=0 或 故选D.
(2)z=1-ii=(1-i)(-i)=-1-i,该复数对应的点位于第三象限.故选C.
题型二 复数的相等
【例2】(1)已知复数z0=3+2i,复数z满足zz0=3z+z0,则复数z= ;
(2)已知m1+i=1-ni, 其中m,n是实数,i是虚数单位,则m+ni= ;
(3)已知关于x的方程x2+(k+2i)x+2+ki=0有实根,则这个实根为 ,实数k的值为.
【解析】(1)设z=x+yi(x,yR),又z0=3+2i,
代入zz0=3z+z0得(x+yi)(3+2i)=3(x+yi)+3+2i,
整理得 (2y+3)+(2-2x)i=0,
则由复数相等的条件得
解得 所以z=1- .
(2)由已知得m=(1-ni)(1+i)=(1+n)+(1-n)i.
则由复数相等的条件得
所以m+ni=2+i.
(3)设x=x0是方程的实根, 代入方程并整理得
由复数相等的充要条件得
解得 或
所以方程的实根为x=2或x= -2,
相应的k值为k=-22或k=22.
【点拨】复数相等须先化为z=a+bi(a,bR)的形式,再由相等 得实部与实部相等、虚部与虚部相等.
【变式训练2】(1)设i是虚数单位,若1+2i1+i=a+bi(a,bR),则a+b的值是()
A.-12 B.-2 C.2 D.12
(2)若(a-2i)i=b+i,其中a,bR,i为虚数单位,则a+b=.
【解析】(1)C.1+2i1+i=(1+2i)(1-i)(1+i)(1-i)= 3+i2,于是a+b=32+12=2.
(2)3.2+ai=b+ia=1,b= 2.
题 型三 复数的运算
【例3】 (1)若复数z=-12+32i, 则1+z+z2+z3++z2 008= ;
(2)设复数z满足z+|z|=2+i,那么z= .
【解析】 (1)由已知得z2=-12-32i,z3=1,z4=-12+32i =z.
所以zn具有周期性,在一个周期内的和为0,且周期为3.
所以1+z+z2+z3++z2 008
=1+z+(z2+z3+z4)++(z2 006+z2 007+z2 008)
=1+z=12+32i.
(2)设z=x+yi(x,yR),则x+yi+x2+y2=2+i,
所以 解得 所以z= +i.
【点拨】 解(1)时要注意x3=1(x-1)(x2+x+1)=0的三个根为1,,-,
其中=-12+32i,-=-12-32i, 则
1++2=0, 1+-+-2=0 ,3=1,-3=1,-=1,2=-,-2=.
解(2)时要注意|z|R,所以须令z=x +yi.
【变式训练3】(1)复数11+i+i2等于()
A.1+i2 B.1-i2 C.-12 D.12
(2)(20xx江西鹰潭)已知复数z=23-i1+23i+(21-i)2 010,则复数z等于()
A.0 B.2 C.-2i D.2i
【解析】(1 )D.计算容易有11+i+i2=12.
(2)A.
总结提高
复数的代数运算是重点,是每年必考内容之一,复数代数形式的运算:①加减法按合并同类项法则进行;②乘法展开、除法须分母实数化.因此,一些复数问题只需设z=a+bi(a,bR)代入原式后,就 可以将复数问题化归为实数问题来解决.
高三数学复习课件(篇2)
一、教学内容分析
二面角是我们日常生活中经常见到的一个图形,它是在学生学过空间异面直线所成的角、直线和平面所成角之后,研究的一种空间的角,二面角进一步完善了空间角的概念。掌握好本节课的知识,对学生系统地理解直线和平面的知识、空间想象能力的培养,乃至创新能力的培养都具有十分重要的意义。
二、教学目标设计
理解二面角及其平面角的概念;能确认图形中的已知角是否为二面角的平面角;能作出二面角的平面角,并能初步运用它们解决相关问题。
三、教学重点及难点
二面角的平面角的概念的形成以及二面角的平面角的作法。
四、教学流程设计
五、教学过程设计
一、 新课引入
1。复习和回顾平面角的有关知识。
平面中的角
定义 从一个顶点出发的两条射线所组成的图形,叫做角
图形
结构 射线点射线
表示法 AOB,O等
2。复习和回顾异面直线所成的角、直线和平面所成的角的定义,及其共同特征。(空间角转化为平面角)
3。观察:陡峭与否,跟山坡面与水平面所成的角大小有关,而山坡面与水平面所成的角就是两个平面所成的角。在实际生活当中,能够转化为两个平面所成角例子非常多,比如在这间教室里,谁能举出能够体现两个平面所成角的实例?(如图1,课本的开合、门或窗的开关。)从而,引出二面角的定义及相关内容。
二、学习新课
(一)二面角的定义
平面中的角 二面角
定义 从一个顶点出发的两条射线所组成的图形,叫做角 课本P17
图形
结构 射线点射线 半平面直线半平面
表示法 AOB,O等 二面角a或—AB—
(二)二面角的图示
1。画出直立式、平卧式二面角各一个,并分别给予表示。
2。在正方体中认识二面角。
(三)二面角的平面角
平面几何中的角可以看作是一条射线绕其端点旋转而成,它有一个旋转量,它的大小可以度量,类似地,二面角也可以看作是一个半平面以其棱为轴旋转而成,它也有一个旋转量,那么,二面角的大小应该怎样度量?
1。二面角的平面角的定义(课本P17)。
2。AOB的大小与点O在棱上的位置无关。
[说明]①平面与平面的位置关系,只有相交或平行两种情况,为了对相交平面的相互位置作进一步的探讨,有必要来研究二面角的度量问题。
②与两条异面直线所成的角、直线和平面所成的角做类比,用平面角去度量。
③二面角的平面角的三个主要特征:角的顶点在棱上;角的两边分别在两个半平面内;角的两边分别与棱垂直。
3。二面角的平面角的范围:
(四)例题分析
例1 一张边长为a的正三角形纸片ABC,以它的高AD为折痕,将其折成一个 的二面角,求此时B、C两点间的距离。
[说明] ①检查学生对二面角的平面角的定义的掌握情况。
②翻折前后应注意哪些量的位置和数量发生了变化, 哪些没变?
例2 如图,已知边长为a的等边三角形 所在平面外有一点P,使PA=PB=PC=a,求二面角 的大小。
[说明] ①求二面角的步骤:作证算答。
②引导学生掌握解题可操作性的通法(定义法和线面垂直法)。
例3 已知正方体 ,求二面角 的大小。(课本P18例1)
[说明] 使学生进一步熟悉作二面角的平面角的方法。
(五)问题拓展
例4 如图,山坡的倾斜度(坡面与水平面所成二面角的度数)是 ,山坡上有一条直道CD,它和坡脚的水平线AB的夹角是 ,沿这条路上山,行走100米后升高多少米?
[说明]使学生明白数学既来源于实际又服务于实际。
三、巩固练习
1。在棱长为1的正方体 中,求二面角 的大小。
2。 若二面角 的大小为 ,P在平面 上,点P到 的距离为h,求点P到棱l的距离。
四、课堂小结
1。二面角的定义
2。二面角的平面角的定义及其范围
3。二面角的平面角的常用作图方法
4。求二面角的大小(作证算答)
五、作业布置
1。课本P18练习14。4(1)
2。在 二面角的一个面内有一个点,它到另一个面的距离是10,求它到棱的距离。
3。把边长为a的正方形ABCD以BD为轴折叠,使二面角A—BD—C成 的二面角,求A、C两点的距离。
六、教学设计说明
本节课的设计不是简单地将概念直接传受给学生,而是考虑到知识的形成过程,设法从学生的数学现实出发,调动学生积极参与探索、发现、问题解决全过程。二面角及二面角的平面角这两大概念的引出均运用了类比的手段和方法。教学过程中通过教师的层层铺垫,学生的主动探究,使学生经历概念的形成、发展和应用过程,有意识地加强了知识形成过程的教学。
高三数学复习课件(篇3)
1.如图,已知直线L: 的右焦点F,且交椭圆C于A、B两点,点A、B在直线 上的射影依次为点D、E。
(1)若抛物线 的焦点为椭圆C的上顶点,求椭圆C的方程;
(2)(理)连接AE、BD,试探索当m变化时,直线AE、BD是否相交于一定点N?若交于定点N,请求出N点的坐标,并给予证明;否则说明理由。
(文)若 为x轴上一点,求证:
2.如图所示,已知圆 定点A(1,0),M为圆上一动点,点P在AM上,点N在CM上,且满足 ,点N的轨迹为曲线E。
(1)求曲线E的方程;
(2)若过定点F(0,2)的直线交曲线E于不同的两点G、H(点G在点F、H之间),且满足 的取值范围。
3.设椭圆C: 的左焦点为F,上顶点为A,过点A作垂直于AF的直线交椭圆C于另外一点P,交x轴正半轴于点Q, 且
⑴求椭圆C的离心率;
⑵若过A、Q、F三点的圆恰好与直线
l: 相切,求椭圆C的方程.
4.设椭圆 的离心率为e=
(1)椭圆的左、右焦点分别为F1、F2、A是椭圆上的一点,且点A到此两焦点的距离之和为4,求椭圆的方程.
(2)求b为何值时,过圆x2+y2=t2上一点M(2, )处的切线交椭圆于Q1、Q2两点,而且OQ1OQ2.
5.已知曲线 上任意一点P到两个定点F1(- ,0)和F2( ,0)的距离之和为4.
(1)求曲线 的方程;
(2)设过(0,-2)的直线 与曲线 交于C、D两点,且 为坐标原点),求直线 的方程.
6.已知椭圆 的左焦点为F,左、右顶点分别为A、C,上顶点为B.过F、B、C作⊙P,其中圆心P的坐标为(m,n).
(Ⅰ)当m+n0时,求椭圆离心率的范围;
(Ⅱ)直线AB与⊙P能否相切?证明你的结论.
7.有如下结论:圆 上一点 处的切线方程为 ,类比也有结论:椭圆 处的切线方程为 ,过椭圆C: 的右准线l上任意一点M引椭圆C的两条切线,切点为 A、B.
(1)求证:直线AB恒过一定点;(2)当点M在的纵坐标为1时,求△ABM的面积
8.已知点P(4,4),圆C: 与椭圆E: 有一个公共点A(3,1),F1、F2分别是椭圆的左、右焦点,直线PF1与圆C相切.
(Ⅰ)求m的值与椭圆E的方程;
(Ⅱ)设Q为椭圆E上的一个动点,求 的取值范围.
9.椭圆的对称中心在坐标原点,一个顶点为 ,右焦点 与点 的距离为 。
(1)求椭圆的方程;
(2)是否存在斜率 的直线 : ,使直线 与椭圆相交于不同的两点 满足 ,若存在,求直线 的倾斜角 ;若不存在,说明理由。
10.椭圆方程为 的一个顶点为 ,离心率 。
(1)求椭圆的方程;
(2)直线 : 与椭圆相交于不同的两点 满足 ,求 。
11.已知椭圆 的左焦点为F,左右顶点分别为A,C上顶点为B,过F,B,C三点作 ,其中圆心P的坐标为 .
(1) 若椭圆的离心率 ,求 的方程;
(2)若 的圆心在直线 上,求椭圆的方程.
12.已知直线 与曲线 交于不同的两点 , 为坐标原点.
(Ⅰ)若 ,求证:曲线 是一个圆;
(Ⅱ)若 ,当 且 时,求曲线 的离心率 的取值范围.
13.设椭圆 的左、右焦点分别为 、 ,A是椭圆C上的一点,且 ,坐标原点O到直线 的距离为 .
(1)求椭圆C的方程;
(2)设Q是椭圆C上的一点,过Q的直线l交x轴于点 ,较y轴于点M,若 ,求直线l的方程.
14.已知抛物线的顶点在原点,焦点在y轴的负半轴上,过其上一点 的切线方程为 为常数).
(I)求抛物线方程;
(II)斜率为 的直线PA与抛物线的另一交点为A,斜率为 的直线PB与抛物线的另一交点为B(A、B两点不同),且满足 ,求证线段PM的中点在y轴上;
(III)在(II)的条件下,当 时,若P的坐标为(1,-1),求PAB为钝角时点A的纵坐标的取值范围.
15.已知动点A、B分别在x轴、y轴上,且满足|AB|=2,点P在线段AB上,且
设点P的轨迹方程为c。
(1)求点P的轨迹方程C;
(2)若t=2,点M、N是C上关于原点对称的两个动点(M、N不在坐标轴上),点Q
坐标为 求△QMN的面积S的最大值。
16.设 上的两点,
已知 , ,若 且椭圆的离心率 短轴长为2, 为坐标原点.
(Ⅰ)求椭圆的方程;
(Ⅱ)若直线AB过椭圆的焦点F(0,c),(c为半焦距),求直线AB的斜率k的值;
(Ⅲ)试问:△AOB的面积是否为定值?如果是,请给予证明;如果不是,请说明理由
17.如图,F是椭圆 (a0)的一个焦点,A,B是椭圆的两个顶点,椭圆的离心率为 .点C在x轴上,BCBF,B,C,F三点确定的圆M恰好与直线l1: 相切.
(Ⅰ)求椭圆的方程:
(Ⅱ)过点A的直线l2与圆M交于PQ两点,且 ,求直线l2的方程.
18.如图,椭圆长轴端点为 , 为椭圆中心, 为椭圆的右焦点,且 .
(1)求椭圆的标准方程;
(2)记椭圆的上顶点为 ,直线 交椭圆于 两点,问:是否存在直线 ,使点 恰为 的垂心?若存在,求出直线 的方程;若不存在,请说明理由.
19.如图,已知椭圆的中心在原点,焦点在 轴上,离心率为 ,且经过点 . 直线 交椭圆于 两不同的点.
20.设 ,点 在 轴上,点 在 轴上,且
(1)当点 在 轴上运动时,求点 的轨迹 的方程;
(2)设 是曲线 上的点,且 成等差数列,当 的垂直平分线与 轴交于点 时,求 点坐标.
21.已知点 是平面上一动点,且满足
(1)求点 的轨迹 对应的方程;
(2)已知点 在曲线 上,过点 作曲线 的两条弦 和 ,且 ,判断:直线 是否过定点?试证明你的结论.
22.已知椭圆 的中心在坐标原点,焦点在坐标轴上,且经过 、 、 三点.
(1)求椭圆 的方程:
(2)若点D为椭圆 上不同于 、 的任意一点, ,当 内切圆的面积最大时。求内切圆圆心的坐标;
(3)若直线 与椭圆 交于 、 两点,证明直线 与直线 的交点在直线 上.
23.过直角坐标平面 中的抛物线 的焦点 作一条倾斜角为 的直线与抛物线相交于A,B两点。
(1)用 表示A,B之间的距离;
(2)证明: 的大小是与 无关的定值,
并求出这个值。
24.设 分别是椭圆C: 的左右焦点
(1)设椭圆C上的点 到 两点距离之和等于4,写出椭圆C的方程和焦点坐标
(2)设K是(1)中所得椭圆上的动点,求线段 的中点B的轨迹方程
(3)设点P是椭圆C 上的任意一点,过原点的直线L与椭圆相交于M,N两点,当直线PM ,PN的斜率都存在,并记为 试探究 的值是否与点P及直线L有关,并证明你的结论。
25.已知椭圆 的离心率为 ,直线 : 与以原点为圆心、以椭圆 的短半轴长为半径的圆相切.
(I)求椭圆 的方程;
(II)设椭圆 的左焦点为 ,右焦点 ,直线 过点 且垂直于椭圆的长轴,动直线 垂直 于点 ,线段 垂直平分线交 于点 ,求点 的轨迹 的方程;
(III)设 与 轴交于点 ,不同的两点 在 上,且满足 求 的取值范围.
26.如图所示,已知椭圆 : , 、 为
其左、右焦点, 为右顶点, 为左准线,过 的直线 : 与椭圆相交于 、
两点,且有: ( 为椭圆的半焦距)
(1)求椭圆 的离心率 的最小值;
(2)若 ,求实数 的取值范围;
(3)若 , ,
求证: 、 两点的纵坐标之积为定值;
27.已知椭圆 的左焦点为 ,左右顶点分别为 ,上顶点为 ,过 三点作圆 ,其中圆心 的坐标为
(1)当 时,椭圆的离心率的取值范围
(2)直线 能否和圆 相切?证明你的结论
28.已知点A(-1,0),B(1,-1)和抛物线. ,O为坐标原点,过点A的动直线l交抛物线C于M、P,直线MB交抛物线C于另一点Q,如图.
(I)证明: 为定值;
(II)若△POM的面积为 ,求向量 与 的夹角;
(Ⅲ) 证明直线PQ恒过一个定点.
29.已知椭圆C: 上动点 到定点 ,其中 的距离 的最小值为1.
(1)请确定M点的坐标
(2)试问是否存在经过M点的直线 ,使 与椭圆C的两个交点A、B满足条件 (O为原点),若存在,求出 的方程,若不存在请说是理由。
30.已知椭圆 ,直线 与椭圆相交于 两点.
(Ⅰ)若线段 中点的横坐标是 ,求直线 的方程;
(Ⅱ)在 轴上是否存在点 ,使 的值与 无关?若存在,求出 的值;若不存在,请说明理由.
31.直线AB过抛物线 的焦点F,并与其相交于A、B两点。Q是线段AB的中点,M是抛物线的准线与y轴的交点.O是坐标原点.
(I)求 的取值范围;
(Ⅱ)过 A、B两点分剐作此撒物线的切线,两切线相交于N点.求证: ∥ ;
(Ⅲ) 若P是不为1的正整数,当 ,△ABN的面积的取值范围为 时,求该抛物线的方程.
32.如图,设抛物线 ( )的准线与 轴交于 ,焦点为 ;以 、 为焦点,离心率 的椭圆 与抛物线 在 轴上方的一个交点为 .
(Ⅰ)当 时,求椭圆的方程及其右准线的方程;
(Ⅱ)在(Ⅰ)的条件下,直线 经过椭圆 的右焦点 ,与抛物线 交于 、 ,如果以线段 为直径作圆,试判断点 与圆的位置关系,并说明理由;
(Ⅲ)是否存在实数 ,使得 的边长是连续的自然数,若存在,求出这样的实数 ;若不存在,请说明理由.
33.已知点 和动点 满足: ,且存在正常数 ,使得 。
(1)求动点P的轨迹C的方程。
(2)设直线 与曲线C相交于两点E,F,且与y轴的交点为D。若 求 的值。
34.已知椭圆 的右准线 与 轴相交于点 ,右焦点 到上顶点的距离为 ,点 是线段 上的一个动点.
(I)求椭圆的方程;
(Ⅱ)是否存在过点 且与 轴不垂直的直线 与椭圆交于 、 两点,使得 ,并说明理由.
35.已知椭圆C: ( .
(1)若椭圆的长轴长为4,离心率为 ,求椭圆的标准方程;
(2)在(1)的条件下,设过定点 的直线 与椭圆C交于不同的两点 ,且 为锐角(其中 为坐标原点),求直线 的斜率k的取值范围;
(3)如图,过原点 任意作两条互相垂直的直线与椭圆 ( )相交于 四点,设原点 到四边形 一边的距离为 ,试求 时 满足的条件.
36.已知 若过定点 、以 ( )为法向量的直线 与过点 以 为法向量的直线 相交于动点 .
(1)求直线 和 的方程;
(2)求直线 和 的斜率之积 的值,并证明必存在两个定点 使得 恒为定值;
(3)在(2)的条件下,若 是 上的两个动点,且 ,试问当 取最小值时,向量 与 是否平行,并说明理由。
37.已知点 ,点 (其中 ),直线 、 都是圆 的切线.
(Ⅰ)若 面积等于6,求过点 的抛物线 的方程;
(Ⅱ)若点 在 轴右边,求 面积的最小值.
38.我们知道,判断直线与圆的位置关系可以用圆心到直线的距离进行判别,那么直线与椭圆的位置关系有类似的判别方法吗?请同学们进行研究并完成下面问题。
(1)设F1、F2是椭圆 的两个焦点,点F1、F2到直线 的距离分别为d1、d2,试求d1d2的值,并判断直线L与椭圆M的位置关系。
(2)设F1、F2是椭圆 的两个焦点,点F1、F2到直线
(m、n不同时为0)的距离分别为d1、d2,且直线L与椭圆M相切,试求d1d2的值。
(3)试写出一个能判断直线与椭圆的位置关系的充要条件,并证明。
(4)将(3)中得出的结论类比到其它曲线,请同学们给出自己研究的有关结论(不必证明)。
39.已知点 为抛物线 的焦点,点 是准线 上的动点,直线 交抛物线 于 两点,若点 的纵坐标为 ,点 为准线 与 轴的交点.
(Ⅰ)求直线 的方程;(Ⅱ)求 的面积 范围;
(Ⅲ)设 , ,求证 为定值.
40.已知椭圆 的离心率为 ,直线 : 与以原点为圆心、以椭圆 的短半轴长为半径的圆相切.
(I)求椭圆 的方程;
(II)设椭圆 的左焦点为 ,右焦点 ,直线 过点 且垂直于椭圆的长轴,动直线 垂直 于点 ,线段 垂直平分线交 于点 ,求点 的轨迹 的方程;
(III)设 与 轴交于点 ,不同的两点 在 上,且满足 求 的取值范围.
41.已知以向量 为方向向量的直线 过点 ,抛物线 : 的顶点关于直线 的对称点在该抛物线的准线上.
(1)求抛物线 的方程;
(2)设 、 是抛物线 上的两个动点,过 作平行于 轴的直线 ,直线 与直线 交于点 ,若 ( 为坐标原点, 、 异于点 ),试求点 的轨迹方程。
42.如图,设抛物线 ( )的准线与 轴交于 ,焦点为 ;以 、 为焦点,离心率 的椭圆 与抛物线 在 轴上方的一个交点为 .
(Ⅰ)当 时,求椭圆的方程及其右准线的方程;
(Ⅱ)在(Ⅰ)的条件下,直线 经过椭圆 的右焦点 ,
与抛物线 交于 、 ,如果以线段 为直径作圆,
试判断点 与圆的位置关系,并说明理由;
(Ⅲ)是否存在实数 ,使得 的边长是连续的自然数,若存在,求出这样的实数 ;若不存在,请说明理由.
43.设椭圆 的一个顶点与抛物线 的焦点重合, 分别是椭圆的左、右焦点,且离心率 且过椭圆右焦点 的直线 与椭圆C交于 两点.
(Ⅰ)求椭圆C的方程;
(Ⅱ)是否存在直线 ,使得 .若存在,求出直线 的方程;若不存在,说明理由.
(Ⅲ)若AB是椭圆C经过原点O的弦, MN AB,求证: 为定值.
44.设 是抛物线 的焦点,过点M(-1,0)且以 为方向向量的直线顺次交抛物线于 两点。
(Ⅰ)当 时,若 与 的夹角为 ,求抛物线的方程;
(Ⅱ)若点 满足 ,证明 为定值,并求此时△ 的面积
45.已知点 ,点 在 轴上,点 在 轴的正半轴上,点 在直线 上,且满足 .
(Ⅰ)当点 在 轴上移动时,求点 的轨迹 的方程;
(Ⅱ)设 、 为轨迹 上两点,且 0, ,求实数 ,
使 ,且 .
46.已知椭圆 的右焦点为F,上顶点为A,P为C 上任一点,MN是圆 的一条直径,若与AF平行且在y轴上的截距为 的直线 恰好与圆 相切。
(1)已知椭圆 的离心率;
(2)若 的最大值为49,求椭圆C 的方程.
高三数学复习课件(篇4)
导数及其四则运算
一、考试要求:(1)导数概念及其几何意义①了解导数概念的实际背景②理解导数的几何意义.(2)导数的运算①能根据导数定义,求函数的导数.②能利用下面给出的基本初等函数的导数公式和导数的四则运算法则求简单函数的导数,能求简单的复合函数(仅限于形如的复合函数)的导数.
二、知识梳理:
1、如果当时,有极限,就说函数在点处可导,并把这个极限叫做在点处的导数(或变化率)。记作或,即。的几何意义是曲线在点处的切线;瞬时速度就是位移函数对时间的导数。
6、点是曲线上任意一点,则到直线的距离的最小值是;
7、若函数的图像与直线只有一个公共点,则实数的取值范围是
8、若点在曲线上移动,则过点的切线的倾斜角取值范围是
9、设函数(1)证明:的导数;
(2)若对所有都有,求的取值范围。
10、已知在区间
高三数学复习课件(篇5)
教学准备
教学目标
解三角形及应用举例
教学重难点
解三角形及应用举例
教学过程
一.基础知识精讲
掌握三角形有关的定理
利用正弦定理,可以解决以下两类问题:
(1)已知两角和任一边,求其他两边和一角;
(2)已知两边和其中一边的对角,求另一边的对角(从而进一步求出其他的边和角);
利用余弦定理,可以解决以下两类问题:
(1)已知三边,求三角;(2)已知两边和它们的夹角,求第三边和其他两角。
掌握正弦定理、余弦定理及其变形形式,利用三角公式解一些有关三角形中的三角函数问题.
二.问题讨论
思维点拨:已知两边和其中一边的对角解三角形问题,用正弦定理解,但需注意解的情况的讨论.
思维点拨::三角形中的三角变换,应灵活运用正、余弦定理.在求值时,要利用三角函数的有关性质.
例6:在某海滨城市附近海面有一台风,据检测,当前台
风中心位于城市O(如图)的东偏南方向
300km的海面P处,并以20km/h的速度向西偏北的
方向移动,台风侵袭的范围为圆形区域,当前半径为60km,
并以10km/h的速度不断增加,问几小时后该城市开始受到
台风的侵袭。
一.小结:
1.利用正弦定理,可以解决以下两类问题:
(1)已知两角和任一边,求其他两边和一角;
(2)已知两边和其中一边的对角,求另一边的对角(从而进一步求出其他的边和角);2。利用余弦定理,可以解决以下两类问题:
(1)已知三边,求三角;(2)已知两边和它们的夹角,求第三边和其他两角。
3.边角互化是解三角形问题常用的手段.
三.作业:P80闯关训练
高三数学复习课件(篇6)
教学目标
掌握等差数列与等比数列的概念,通项公式与前n项和公式,等差中项与等比中项的概念,并能运用这些知识解决一些基本问题。
教学重难点
掌握等差数列与等比数列的概念,通项公式与前n项和公式,等差中项与等比中项的概念,并能运用这些知识解决一些基本问题。XX
教学过程
等比数列性质请同学们类比得出。
【方法规律】
1、通项公式与前n项和公式联系着五个基本量,“知三求二”是一类最基本的运算题。方程观点是解决这类问题的基本数学思想和方法。
2、判断一个数列是等差数列或等比数列,常用的方法使用定义。特别地,在判断三个实数
a,b,c成等差(比)数列时,常用(注:若为等比数列,则a,b,c均不为0)
3、在求等差数列前n项和的(小)值时,常用函数的思想和方法加以解决。
【示范举例】
例1:(1)设等差数列的前n项和为30,前2n项和为100,则前3n项和为。
(2)一个等比数列的前三项之和为26,前六项之和为728,则a1=,q=。
例2:四数中前三个数成等比数列,后三个数成等差数列,首末两项之和为21,中间两项之和为18,求此四个数。
例3:项数为奇数的等差数列,奇数项之和为44,偶数项之和为33,求该数列的中间项。
高三数学复习课件(篇7)
教学准备
教学目标
数列求和的综合应用
教学重难点
数列求和的综合应用
教学过程
典例分析
3.数列{an}的前n项和Sn=n2-7n-8,
(1)求{an}的通项公式
(2)求{|an|}的前n项和Tn
4.等差数列{an}的公差为,S100=145,则a1+a3+a5+…+a99=
5.已知方程(x2-2x+m)(x2-2x+n)=0的四个根组成一个首项为的等差数列,则|m-n|=
6.数列{an}是等差数列,且a1=2,a1+a2+a3=12
(1)求{an}的通项公式
(2)令bn=anxn,求数列{bn}前n项和公式
7.四数中前三个数成等比数列,后三个数成等差数列,首末两项之和为21,中间两项之和为18,求此四个数
8.在等差数列{an}中,a1=20,前n项和为Sn,且S10=S15,求当n为何值时,Sn有值,并求出它的值
.已知数列{an},an∈NXX,Sn=(an+2)2
(1)求证{an}是等差数列
(2)若bn=an-30,求数列{bn}前n项的最小值
0.已知f(x)=x2-2(n+1)x+n2+5n-7(n∈NXX)
(1)设f(x)的图象的顶点的横坐标构成数列{an},求证数列{an}是等差数列
(2设f(x)的图象的顶点到x轴的距离构成数列{dn},求数列{dn}的前n项和sn.
11.购买一件售价为5000元的商品,采用分期付款的办法,每期付款数相同,购买后1个月第1次付款,再过1个月第2次付款,如此下去,共付款5次后还清,如果按月利率0.8%,每月利息按复利计算(上月利息要计入下月本金),那么每期应付款多少?(精确到1元)
12.某商品在最近100天内的价格f(t)与时间t的
函数关系式是f(t)=
销售量g(t)与时间t的函数关系是
g(t)=-t/3+109/3(0≤t≤100)
求这种商品的日销售额的值
注:对于分段函数型的应用题,应注意对变量x的取值区间的讨论;求函数的值,应分别求出函数在各段中的值,通过比较,确定值
高三数学复习课件(篇8)
本文题目:高三数学复习教案:古典概型复习教案
【高考要求】古典概型(B); 互斥事件及其发生的概率(A)
【学习目标】:1、了解概率的频率定义,知道随机事件的发生是随机性与规律性的统一;
2、 理解古典概型的特点,会解较简单的古典概型问题;
3、 了解互斥事件与对立事件的概率公式,并能运用于简单的概率计算.
【知识复习与自学质疑】
1、古典概型是一种理想化的概率模型,假设试验的结果数具有 性和 性.解古典概型问题关键是判断和计数,要掌握简单的记数方法(主要是列举法).借助于互斥、对立关系将事件分解或转化是很重要的方法.
2、(A)在10件同类产品中,其中8件为正品,2件为次品。从中任意抽出3件,则下列4个事件:①3件都是正品;②至少有一件是正品;③3件都是次品;④至少有一件是次品.是必然事件的是 .
3、(A)从5个红球,1个黄球中随机取出2个,所取出的两个球颜色不同的概率是 。
4、(A)同时抛两个各面上分别标有1、2、3、4、5、6均匀的正方体玩具一次,向上的两个数字之和为3的概率是 .
5、(A)某人射击5枪,命中3枪,三枪中恰好有2枪连中的概率是 .
6、(B)若实数 ,则曲线 表示焦点在y轴上的双曲线的概率是 .
【例题精讲】
1、(A)甲、乙两人参加知识竞答,共有10道不同的题目,其中选择题6道,判断题4道,甲、乙两人依次各抽一题.(1)甲抽到选择题、乙抽到判断题的概率是多少?
(2)甲、乙两人中至少有一人抽到选择题的概率是多少?
2、(B)黄种人群中各种血型的人所占的比例如下表所示:
血型 A B AB O
该血型的人所占的比(%) 28 29 8 35
已知同种血型的人可以输血,O型血可以输给任一种血型的人,任何人的血都可以输给AB型血的人,其他不同血型的人不能互相输血.小明是B型血,若小明因病需要输血,问:
(1) 任找一个人,其血可以输给小明的概率是多少?
(2) 任找一个人,其血不能输给小明的概率是多少?
3、(B)将两粒骰子投掷两次,求:(1)向上的点数之和是8的概率;(2)向上的点数之和不小于8 的概率;(3)向上的点数之和不超过10的概率.
4、(B)将一个各面上均涂有颜色的正方体锯成 (n个同样大小的正方体,从这些小正方体中任取一个,求下列事件的概率:(1)三面涂有颜色;(2)恰有两面涂有颜色;
(3)恰有一面涂有颜色;(4)至少有一面涂有颜色.
【矫正反馈】
1、(A)一个三位数的密码锁,每位上的数字都可在0到10这十个数字中任选,某人忘记了密码最后一个号码,开锁时在对好前两位号码后,随意拨动最后一个数字恰好能开锁的概率是 .
2、(A)第1、2、5、7路公共汽车都要停靠的一个车站,有一位乘客等候着1路或5路汽车,假定各路汽车首先到站的可能性相等,那么首先到站的正好是这位乘客所要乘的的车的概率是 .
3、(A)某射击运动员在打靶中,连续射击3次,事件至少有两次中靶的对立事件是 .
4、(B)某产品分甲、乙、丙三级,其中乙、丙两级均属次品,在正常生产情况下出现乙级品和丙级品的概率分别为3%和1%,求抽验一只是正品(甲级)的概率 .
5、(B)袋中装有4只白球和2只黑球,从中先后摸出2只求(不放回).求:(1)第一次摸出黑球的概率;(2)第二次摸出黑球的概率;(3)第一次及第二次都摸出黑球的概率.
【迁移应用】
1、(A)将一粒骰子连续抛掷三次,它落地时向上的点数依次成等差数列的概率是 .
2、(A)从鱼塘中打一网鱼,共M条,做上标记后放回池塘中,过了几天,又打上来一网鱼,共N条,其中K条有标记,估计池塘中鱼的条数为 .
3、(A)从分别写有A,B,C,D,E的5张卡片中,任取2张,这两张上的字母恰好按字母顺序相邻的概率是 .
4、(B)电子钟一天显示的时间是从00:00到23:59的每一时刻都由四个数字组成,则一天中任一时刻的四个数字之和为23的概率是 .
5、(B)将甲、乙两粒骰子先后各抛一次,a,b分别表示抛掷甲、乙两粒骰子所出现的点数.
(1)若点P(a,b)落在不等式组 表示的平面区域记为A,求事件A的概率;
(2)求P(a,b)落在直线x+y=m(m为常数)上,且使此事件的概率最大,求m的值.
高三数学复习课件(篇9)
●知识梳理
函数的综合应用主要体现在以下几方面:
1.函数内容本身的相互综合,如函数概念、性质、图象等方面知识的综合.
2.函数与其他数学知识点的综合,如方程、不等式、数列、解析几何等方面的内容与函数的综合.这是高考主要考查的内容.
3.函数与实际应用问题的综合.
●点击双基
1.已知函数f(x)=lg(2x-b)(b为常数),若x[1,+)时,f(x)0恒成立,则
A.b1 B.b1 C.b1 D.b=1
解析:当x[1,+)时,f(x)0,从而2x-b1,即b2x-1.而x[1,+)时,2x-1单调增加,
b2-1=1.
答案:A
2.若f(x)是R上的减函数,且f(x)的图象经过点A(0,3)和B(3,-1),则不等式|f(x+1)-1|2的解集是___________________.
解析:由|f(x+1)-1|2得-2
又f(x)是R上的减函数,且f(x)的图象过点A(0,3),B(3,-1),
f(3)
答案:(-1,2)
●典例剖析
【例1】 取第一象限内的点P1(x1,y1),P2(x2,y2),使1,x1,x2,2依次成等差数列,1,y1,y2,2依次成等比数列,则点P1、P2与射线l:y=x(x0)的关系为
A.点P1、P2都在l的上方 B.点P1、P2都在l上
C.点P1在l的下方,P2在l的上方 D.点P1、P2都在l的下方
剖析:x1= +1= ,x2=1+ = ,y1=1 = ,y2= ,∵y1
P1、P2都在l的下方.
答案:D
【例2】 已知f(x)是R上的偶函数,且f(2)=0,g(x)是R上的奇函数,且对于xR,都有g(x)=f(x-1),求f(20xx)的值.
解:由g(x)=f(x-1),xR,得f(x)=g(x+1).又f(-x)=f(x),g(-x)=-g(x),
故有f(x)=f(-x)=g(-x+1)=-g(x-1)=-f(x-2)=-f(2-x)=-g(3-x)=
g(x-3)=f(x-4),也即f(x+4)=f(x),xR.
f(x)为周期函数,其周期T=4.
f(20xx)=f(4500+2)=f(2)=0.
评述:应灵活掌握和运用函数的奇偶性、周期性等性质.
【例3】 函数f(x)= (m0),x1、x2R,当x1+x2=1时,f(x1)+f(x2)= .
(1)求m的值;
(2)数列{an},已知an=f(0)+f( )+f( )++f( )+f(1),求an.
解:(1)由f(x1)+f(x2)= ,得 + = ,
4 +4 +2m= [4 +m(4 +4 )+m2].
∵x1+x2=1,(2-m)(4 +4 )=(m-2)2.
4 +4 =2-m或2-m=0.
∵4 +4 2 =2 =4,
而m0时2-m2,4 +4 2-m.
m=2.
(2)∵an=f(0)+f( )+f( )++f( )+f(1),an=f(1)+f( )+ f( )++f( )+f(0).
2an=[f(0)+f(1)]+[f( )+f( )]++[f(1)+f(0)]= + ++ = .
an= .
深化拓展
用函数的思想处理方程、不等式、数列等问题是一重要的思想方法.
【例4】 函数f(x)的定义域为R,且对任意x、yR,有f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y),且当x0时,f(x)0,f(1)=-2.
(1)证明f(x)是奇函数;
(2)证明f(x)在R上是减函数;
(3)求f(x)在区间[-3,3]上的最大值和最小值.
(1)证明:由f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y),得f[x+(-x)]=f(x)+f(-x),f(x)+ f(-x)=f(0).又f(0+0)=f(0)+f(0),f(0)=0.从而有f(x)+f(-x)=0.
f(-x)=-f(x).f(x)是奇函数.
(2)证明:任取x1、x2R,且x10.f(x2-x1)0.
-f(x2-x1)0,即f(x1)f(x2),从而f(x)在R上是减函数.
(3)解:由于f(x)在R上是减函数,故f(x)在[-3,3]上的最大值是f(-3),最小值是f(3).由f(1)=-2,得f(3)=f(1+2)=f(1)+f(2)=f(1)+f(1+1)=f(1)+f(1)+f(1)=3f(1)=3(-2)=-6,f(-3)=-f(3)=6.从而最大值是6,最小值是-6.
深化拓展
对于任意实数x、y,定义运算x*y=ax+by+cxy,其中a、b、c是常数,等式右边的运算是通常的加法和乘法运算.现已知1*2=3,2*3=4,并且有一个非零实数m,使得对于任意实数x,都有x*m=x,试求m的值.
提示:由1*2=3,2*3=4,得
b=2+2c,a=-1-6c.
又由x*m=ax+bm+cmx=x对于任意实数x恒成立,
b=0=2+2c.
c=-1.(-1-6c)+cm=1.
-1+6-m=1.m=4.
答案:4.
●闯关训练
夯实基础
1.已知y=f(x)在定义域[1,3]上为单调减函数,值域为[4,7],若它存在反函数,则反函数在其定义域上
A.单调递减且最大值为7 B.单调递增且最大值为7
C.单调递减且最大值为3 D.单调递增且最大值为3
解析:互为反函数的两个函数在各自定义区间上有相同的增减性,f-1(x)的值域是[1,3].
答案:C
2.关于x的方程|x2-4x+3|-a=0有三个不相等的实数根,则实数a的值是___________________.
解析:作函数y=|x2-4x+3|的图象,如下图.
由图象知直线y=1与y=|x2-4x+3|的图象有三个交点,即方程|x2-4x+3|=1也就是方程|x2-4x+3|-1=0有三个不相等的实数根,因此a=1.
答案:1
3.若存在常数p0,使得函数f(x)满足f(px)=f(px- )(xR),则f(x)的一个正周期为__________.
解析:由f(px)=f(px- ),
令px=u,f(u)=f(u- )=f[(u+ )- ],T= 或 的整数倍.
答案: (或 的整数倍)
4.已知关于x的方程sin2x-2sinx-a=0有实数解,求a的取值范围.
解:a=sin2x-2sinx=(sinx-1)2-1.
∵-11,0(sinx-1)24.
a的范围是[-1,3].
5.记函数f(x)= 的定义域为A,g(x)=lg[(x-a-1)(2a-x)](a1)的定义域为B.
(1)求A;
(2)若B A,求实数a的取值范围.
解:(1)由2- 0,得 0,
x-1或x1,即A=(-,-1)[1,+).
(2)由(x-a-1)(2a-x)0,得(x-a-1)(x-2a)0.
∵a1,a+12a.B=(2a,a+1).
∵B A,2a1或a+1-1,即a 或a-2.
而a1, 1或a-2.
故当B A时,实数a的取值范围是(-,-2][ ,1).
培养能力
6.(理)已知二次函数f(x)=x2+bx+c(b0,cR).
若f(x)的定义域为[-1,0]时,值域也是[-1,0],符合上述条件的函数f(x)是否存在?若存在,求出f(x)的表达式;若不存在,请说明理由.
解:设符合条件的f(x)存在,
∵函数图象的对称轴是x=- ,
又b0,- 0.
①当- 0,即01时,
函数x=- 有最小值-1,则
或 (舍去).
②当-1- ,即12时,则
(舍去)或 (舍去).
③当- -1,即b2时,函数在[-1,0]上单调递增,则 解得
综上所述,符合条件的函数有两个,
f(x)=x2-1或f(x)=x2+2x.
(文)已知二次函数f(x)=x2+(b+1)x+c(b0,cR).
若f(x)的定义域为[-1,0]时,值域也是[-1,0],符合上述条件的函数f(x)是否存在?若存在,求出f(x)的表达式;若不存在,请说明理由.
解:∵函数图象的对称轴是
x=- ,又b0,- - .
设符合条件的f(x)存在,
①当- -1时,即b1时,函数f(x)在[-1,0]上单调递增,则
②当-1- ,即01时,则
(舍去).
综上所述,符合条件的函数为f(x)=x2+2x.
7.已知函数f(x)=x+ 的定义域为(0,+),且f(2)=2+ .设点P是函数图象上的任意一点,过点P分别作直线y=x和y轴的垂线,垂足分别为M、N.
(1)求a的值.
(2)问:|PM||PN|是否为定值?若是,则求出该定值;若不是,请说明理由.
(3)设O为坐标原点,求四边形OMPN面积的最小值.
解:(1)∵f(2)=2+ =2+ ,a= .
(2)设点P的坐标为(x0,y0),则有y0=x0+ ,x00,由点到直线的距离公式可知,|PM|= = ,|PN|=x0,有|PM||PN|=1,即|PM||PN|为定值,这个值为1.
(3)由题意可设M(t,t),可知N(0,y0).
∵PM与直线y=x垂直,kPM1=-1,即 =-1.解得t= (x0+y0).
又y0=x0+ ,t=x0+ .
S△OPM= + ,S△OPN= x02+ .
S四边形OMPN=S△OPM+S△OPN= (x02+ )+ 1+ .
当且仅当x0=1时,等号成立.
此时四边形OMPN的面积有最小值1+ .
探究创新
8.有一块边长为4的正方形钢板,现对其进行切割、焊接成一个长方体形无盖容器(切、焊损耗忽略不计).有人应用数学知识作了如下设计:如图(a),在钢板的四个角处各切去一个小正方形,剩余部分围成一个长方体,该长方体的高为小正方形边长,如图(b).
(1)请你求出这种切割、焊接而成的长方体的最大容积V1;
(2)由于上述设计存在缺陷(材料有所浪费),请你重新设计切、焊方法,使材料浪费减少,而且所得长方体容器的容积V2V1.
解:(1)设切去正方形边长为x,则焊接成的长方体的底面边长为4-2x,高为x,
V1=(4-2x)2x=4(x3-4x2+4x)(0
V1=4(3x2-8x+4).
令V1=0,得x1= ,x2=2(舍去).
而V1=12(x- )(x-2),
又当x 时,V10;当
当x= 时,V1取最大值 .
(2)重新设计方案如下:
如图①,在正方形的两个角处各切下一个边长为1的小正方形;如图②,将切下的小正方形焊在未切口的正方形一边的中间;如图③,将图②焊成长方体容器.
新焊长方体容器底面是一长方形,长为3,宽为2,此长方体容积V2=321=6,显然V2V1.
故第二种方案符合要求.
●思悟小结
1.函数知识可深可浅,复习时应掌握好分寸,如二次函数问题应高度重视,其他如分类讨论、探索性问题属热点内容,应适当加强.
2.数形结合思想贯穿于函数研究的各个领域的全部过程中,掌握了这一点,将会体会到函数问题既千姿百态,又有章可循.
●教师下载中心
教学点睛
数形结合和数形转化是解决本章问题的重要思想方法,应要求学生熟练掌握用函数的图象及方程的曲线去处理函数、方程、不等式等问题.
拓展题例
【例1】 设f(x)是定义在[-1,1]上的奇函数,且对任意a、b[-1,1],当a+b0时,都有 0.
(1)若ab,比较f(a)与f(b)的大小;
(2)解不等式f(x- )
(3)记P={x|y=f(x-c)},Q={x|y=f(x-c2)},且PQ= ,求c的取值范围.
解:设-1x1
0.
∵x1-x20,f(x1)+f(-x2)0.
f(x1)-f(-x2).
又f(x)是奇函数,f(-x2)=-f(x2).
f(x1)
f(x)是增函数.
(1)∵ab,f(a)f(b).
(2)由f(x- )
- .
不等式的解集为{x|- }.
(3)由-11,得-1+c1+c,
P={x|-1+c1+c}.
由-11,得-1+c21+c2,
Q={x|-1+c21+c2}.
∵PQ= ,
1+c-1+c2或-1+c1+c2,
解得c2或c-1.
【例2】已知函数f(x)的图象与函数h(x)=x+ +2的图象关于点A(0,1)对称.
(1)求f(x)的解析式;
(2)(文)若g(x)=f(x)x+ax,且g(x)在区间(0,2]上为减函数,求实数a的取值范围.
(理)若g(x)=f(x)+ ,且g(x)在区间(0,2]上为减函数,求实数a的取值范围.
解:(1)设f(x)图象上任一点坐标为(x,y),点(x,y)关于点A(0,1)的对称点(-x,2-y)在h(x)的图象上.
2-y=-x+ +2.
y=x+ ,即f(x)=x+ .
(2)(文)g(x)=(x+ )x+ax,
即g(x)=x2+ax+1.
g(x)在(0,2]上递减 - 2,
a-4.
(理)g(x)=x+ .
∵g(x)=1- ,g(x)在(0,2]上递减,
1- 0在x(0,2]时恒成立,
即ax2-1在x(0,2]时恒成立.
∵x(0,2]时,(x2-1)max=3,
a3.
【例3】在4月份(共30天),有一新款服装投放某专卖店销售,日销售量(单位:件)f(n)关于时间n(130,nN*)的函数关系如下图所示,其中函数f(n)图象中的点位于斜率为5和-3的两条直线上,两直线的交点的横坐标为m,且第m天日销售量最大.
(1)求f(n)的表达式,及前m天的销售总数;
(2)按规律,当该专卖店销售总数超过400件时,社会上流行该服装,而日销售量连续下降并低于30件时,该服装的流行会消失.试问该服装在社会上流行的天数是否会超过10天?并说明理由.
解:(1)由图形知,当1m且nN*时,f(n)=5n-3.
由f(m)=57,得m=12.
f(n)=
前12天的销售总量为
5(1+2+3++12)-312=354件.
(2)第13天的销售量为f(13)=-313+93=54件,而354+54400,
从第14天开始销售总量超过400件,即开始流行.
设第n天的日销售量开始低于30件(1221.
从第22天开始日销售量低于30件,
即流行时间为14号至21号.
该服装流行时间不超过10天.
高三数学复习课件(篇10)
【高考要求】:三角函数的有关概念(B).
【教学目标】:理解任意角的概念;理解终边相同的角的意义;了解弧度的意义,并能进行弧度与角度的互化.
理解任意角三角函数(正弦、余弦、正切)的定义;初步了解有向线段的概念,会利用单位圆中的三角函数线表示任意角的正弦、余弦、正切.
【教学重难点】: 终边相同的角的意义和任意角三角函数(正弦、余弦、正切)的定义.
【知识复习与自学质疑】
一、问题.
1、角的概念是什么?角按旋转方向分为哪几类?
2、在平面直角坐标系内角分为哪几类?与 终边相同的角怎么表示?
3、什么是弧度和弧度制?弧度和角度怎么换算?弧度和实数有什么样的关系?
4、弧度制下圆的弧长公式和扇形的面积公式是什么?
5、任意角的三角函数的定义是什么?在各象限的符号怎么确定?
6、你能在单位圆中画出正弦、余弦和正切线吗?
7、同角三角函数有哪些基本关系式?
二、练习.
1.给出下列命题:
(1)小于 的角是锐角;(2)若 是第一象限的角,则 必为第一象限的角;
(3)第三象限的角必大于第二象限的角;(4)第二象限的角是钝角;
(5)相等的角必是终边相同的角;终边相同的角不一定相等;
(6)角2 与角 的终边不可能相同;
(7)若角 与角 有相同的终边,则角( 的终边必在 轴的非负半轴上。其中正确的命题的序号是
2.设P 点是角终边上一点,且满足 则 的值是
3.一个扇形弧AOB 的面积是1 ,它的周长为4 ,则该扇形的中心角= 弦AB长=
4.若 则角 的终边在 象限。
5.在直角坐标系中,若角 与角 的终边互为反向延长线,则角 与角 之间的关系是
6.若 是第三象限的角,则- , 的终边落在何处?
【交流展示、互动探究与精讲点拨】
例1.如图, 分别是角 的终边.
(1)求终边落在阴影部分(含边界)的所有角的集合;
(2)求终边落在阴影部分、且在 上所有角的集合;
(3)求始边在OM位置,终边在ON位置的所有角的集合.
例2.(1)已知角的终边在直线 上,求 的值;
(2)已知角的终边上有一点A ,求 的值。
例3.若 ,则 在第 象限.
例4.若一扇形的周长为20 ,则当扇形的圆心角 等于多少弧度时,这个扇形的面积最大?最大面积是多少?
【矫正反馈】
1、若锐角 的终边上一点的坐标为 ,则角 的弧度数为 .
2、若 ,又 是第二,第三象限角,则 的取值范围是 .
3、一个半径为 的扇形,如果它的周长等于弧所在半圆的弧长,那么该扇形的圆心角度数是 弧度或角度,该扇形的面积是 .
4、已知点P 在第三象限,则 角终边在第 象限.
5、设角 的终边过点P ,则 的值为 .
6、已知角 的终边上一点P 且 ,求 和 的值.
【迁移应用】
1、经过3小时35分钟,分针转过的角的弧度是 .时针转过的角的弧度数是 .
2、若点P 在第一象限,则在 内 的取值范围是 .
3、若点P从(1,0)出发,沿单位圆 逆时针方向运动 弧长到达Q点,则Q点坐标为 .
4、如果 为小于360 的正角,且角 的7倍数的角的终边与这个角的终边重合,求角 的值.
高三数学复习课件(篇11)
(一)引入:
(1)情景1
王老汉的疑惑:秋收过后,村中拥入了不少生意人,收购大豆与红薯,精明的王老汉上了心,一打听,顿时喜上眉梢.村中大豆的收购价是5元/千克,红薯的收购价是
2元/千克,而送到县城每千克大豆可获利1.2元,每千克红薯可获利0.6元,王老汉决定明天就带上家中仅有的1000元现金,踏着可载重350千克的三轮车开始自己的发财大计,可明天应该收购多少大豆与红薯呢?王老汉决定与家人合计.回家一讨论,问题来了.孙女说:“收购大豆每千克获利多故应收购大豆”,孙子说:“收购红薯每元成本获利多故应收购红薯”,王老汉一听,好像都对,可谁说得更有理呢?精明的王老汉心中更糊涂了。
【问题情景使学生感受到数学是来自现实生活的,让学生体会从实际问题中抽象出数学问题的过程;通过情景我们不仅能从中引出本堂课的内容“二元一次不等式(组)的概念,及其所表示的平面区域”,也为后面的内容“简单的线性规划问题”埋下了伏笔.】
(2)问题与探究
师:同学们,你们能用具体的数字体现出王老汉的两个孙子的收购方案吗?
生,讨论并很快给出答案.(师,记录数据)
师:请你们各自为王老汉设计一种收购方案.
生,独立思考,并写出自己的方案.(师,查看学生各人的设计方案并有针对性的请几个同学说出自己的方案并记录,注意:要特意选出2个不合理的方案)
师:这些同学的方案都是对的吗?
生,讨论并找出其中不合理的方案.
师:为什么这些方案就不行呢?
生,讨论后并回答
师:满足什么条件的方案才是合理的呢?
生,讨论思考.(师,引导学生设出未知量,列出起约束作用的不等式组)
师,让几个学生上黑板列出不等式组,并对之分析指正
(教师用多媒体展示所列不等式组,并介绍二元一次不等式,二元一次不等式组的概念.)
师:同学们还记得什么是方程的解吗?你能说出二元一次方程二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的一组解吗?
生,讨论并回答(教师记录几组,并引导学生表示成有序实数对形式.)
师:同学们能说出什么是不等式(组)的解吗?你能说出二元一次不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的一组解吗?
生,讨论并回答(教师对于学生的回答指正并有选择性的记录几组比较简单的数据,对于这些数据要事先设计好并在课件的坐标系中标出备用)
(教师对引例中给出的不等式组介绍,并指出上面的正确的设计方案都是不等式组的解.进而介绍二元一次不等式(组)解与解集的概念)
师:我们知道每一组有序实数对都对应于平面直角坐标系上的一个点,你能把上面记录的不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的解在平面直角坐标系上标记出来吗?
生,讨论并在下面作图(师巡视检查并对个别同学的错误进行指正)
师,利用多媒体课件展示平面直角坐标系及不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的解所对应的一些点,让学生观察并思考讨论:不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的解在平面直角坐标系中的位置有什么特点?(由于点太少,我们的学生可能得不出结论)
师,引导学生在同一平面直角坐标系中画出方程二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的解所对应的图形(一条直线,指导学生用与坐标轴的两个交点作出直线),再提出问题:二元一次不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的解为坐标的点在平面直角坐标系中的位置有什么特点?
生,提出猜想:直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计分得的左下半平面.
【教师通过几个简单的问题,让学生产生了利用平面区域表示二元一次不等式的想法,而后再让学生大胆的猜想,细心的论证,让他们从中让体会到对新知识进行科学探索的全过程.】
师:这个结论正确吗?你能说出理由来吗?
生,分组讨论,并利用自己的数学知识去探究.(由于没有给出一个固定的方向,所以各人用的方法不一,有的可能用特殊点再去检验,有的可能会试着用坐标轴的正方向去说明,也有的可能会用直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计下方的点与对应直线上的点对照比较的方法进行说明)
师,在巡视的基础上请运用不同方法的同学阐述自己的理由,并对于正确的作法给予表扬,然后用多媒体展示出利用与直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计横坐标相同而纵坐标不同的点对应分析的方法进行证明.
师:直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的右上半平面应怎么表示?
生:表示为二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计,(很快回答)
师:从中你能得出什么结论?
生,讨论并得到一般性结论(教师总结纠正)
(教师总结并用多媒体展示,二元一次不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计表示直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的某侧所有点组成的平面区域,因不包含边界故直线画成虚线;二元一次不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计表示的平面区域因包含边界故直线画成实线.)
师:点O(0,0)是不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计一个解吗?据此你能说出不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计对应的平面区域相对与直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的位置吗?
生,作图分析,讨论并回答(师,对学生的回答进行分析)
师:结合上面问题请同学们归纳出作不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计对应的平面区域的过程.
生,讨论并回答(师,对于学生的答案给以分析,并肯定其中正确的结论)
师:你们能说出作二元一次不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计对应的平面区域的过程吗?
生,讨论并回答(教师总结并用多媒体展示:直线定界,特殊点定域)
师:若点P(3,-1),点Q(2,4)在直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的异侧,你能用数学语言表示吗?
生,讨论,思考(教师巡视,并观察学生的解答过程,最后引导学生得出:一个是不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的解,一个是不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的解)
师:你能在这个条件下求出二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的范围吗?
生.讨论分析,最后得到不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计并求解.
师:若把上面问题改为点在同侧呢?请同学们课后完成.
【在教师的帮助下学生通过自己的分析得出了正确的结论,让他们从中体会到了获取新知后的成就感,从而增加了对数学的学习兴趣.同时也让他们体会人们在认识新生事物时从特殊到一般,再从一般到特殊的认知过程.】
(二)实例展示:
例1、画出不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计表示的平面区域.
例2、用平面区域表示不等式组二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计的解集.
【通过利用多媒体对实例的展示让学生体会到画出不等式表示的平面区域的基本流程:直线定界,特殊点定域,而不等式(组)表示的平面区域是各个不等式表示的平面区域的公共部分.同时对具体作图中的细节问题进行点拔.】
(三)练习:
学生练习P86第1-3题.
【及时巩固所学,进一步体会画出不等式(组)表示的平面区域的基本流程】
(四)课后延伸:
师:我们在今天主要解决了在给出不等式(组)的情况下如何用平面区域来表示出来的问题.如果反过来给出了平面区域你能写出相关的不等式(组)吗?例如你能写出A(2,4),B(2,0),C(1,2)三点构成的三角形内部区域对应的不等式组吗?
你能写出不等式形如二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计这种不等式表示的平面区域?
(五)小结与作业:
二元一次不等式二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计表示直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计某侧所有点组成的平面区域,画出不等式(组)表示的平面区域的基本流程:直线定界,特殊点定域(一般找原点)
作业:第93页A组习题1、2,
补充作业:若线段PQ的两个端点坐标为P(3,-1),Q(2,4),且直线二元一次不等式(组)与简单的线性规划问题的模块单元教学设计与线段PQ
高三数学复习课件(篇12)
一、教学内容分析
本小节是普通高中课程标准实验教科书数学5(必修)第三章第3小节,主要内容是利用平面区域体现二元一次不等式(组)的解集;借助图解法解决在线性约束条件下的二元线性目标函数的最值与解问题;运用线性规划知识解决一些简单的实际问题(如资源利用,人力调配,生产安排等)。突出体现了优化思想,与数形结合的思想。本小节是利用数学知识解决实际问题的典例,它体现了数学源于生活而用于生活的特性。
二、学生学习情况分析
本小节内容建立在学生学习了一元不等式(组)及其应用、直线与方程的基础之上,学生对于将实际问题转化为数学问题,数形结合思想有所了解.但从数学知识上看学生对于涉及多个已知数据、多个字母变量,多个不等关系的知识接触尚少,从数学方法上看,学生对于图解法还缺少认识,对数形结合的思想方法的掌握还需时日,而这些都将成为学生学习中的难点。
三、设计思想
以问题为载体,以学生为主体,以探究归纳为主要手段,以问题解决为目的,以多媒体为重要工具,激发学生的动手、观察、思考、猜想探究的兴趣。注重引导学生充分体验“从实际问题到数学问题”的数学建模过程,体会“从具体到一般”的抽象思维过程,从“特殊到一般”的探究新知的过程;提高学生应用“数形结合”的思想方法解题的能力;培养学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力。
四、教学目标
1、知识与技能:了解二元一次不等式(组)的概念,掌握用平面区域刻画二元一次
不等式(组)的方法;了解线性规划的意义,了解线性约束条件、线性目标函数、
可行解、可行域和解等概念;理解线性规划问题的图解法;会利用图解法
求线性目标函数的最值与相应解;
2、过程与方法:从实际问题中抽象出简单的线性规划问题,提高学生的数学建模能力;
在探究的过程中让学生体验到数学活动中充满着探索与创造,培养学生的数据分析能力、
化归能力、探索能力、合情推理能力;
3、情态与价值:在应用图解法解题的过程中,培养学生的化归能力与运用数形结合思想的能力;体会线性规划的基本思想,培养学生的数学应用意识;体验数学来源于生活而服务于生活的特性.
五、教学重点和难点
重点:从实际问题中抽象出二元一次不等式(组),用平面区域刻画二元一次不等式组
的解集及用图解法解简单的二元线性规划问题;
难点:二元一次不等式所表示的平面区域的探究,从实际情境中抽象出数学问题的过
程探究,简单的二元线性规划问题的图解法的探究.
六、教学基本流程
第一课时,利用生动的情景激起学生求知的欲望,从中抽象出数学问题,引出二元一次不等式(组)的基本概念,并为线性规划问题的引出埋下伏笔.通过学生的自主探究,分类讨论,大胆猜想,细心求证,得出二元一次不等式所表示的平面区域,从而突破本小节的第一个难点;通过例1、例2的讨论与求解引导学生归纳出画二元一次不等式(组)所表示的平面区域的具体解答步骤(直线定界,特殊点定域);最后通过练习加以巩固。
第二课时,重现引例,在学生的回顾、探讨中解决引例中的可用方案问题,并由此归纳总结出从实际问题中抽象出数学问题的基本过程:理清数据关系(列表)→设立决策变量→建立数学关系式→画出平面区域.让学生对例3、例4进行分析与讨论进一步完善这一过程,突破本小节的第二个难点。
第三课时,设计情景,借助前两个课时所学,设立决策变量,画出平面区域并引出新的问题,从中引出线性规划的相关概念,并让学生思考探究,利用特殊值进行猜测,找到方案;再引导学生对目标函数进行变形转化,利用直线的图象对上述问题进行几何探究,把最值问题转化为截距问题,通过几何方法对引例做出完美的解答;回顾整个探究过程,让学生在讨论中达成共识,总结出简单线性规划问题的图解法的基本步骤.通过例5的展示让学生从动态的角度感受图解法.最后再现情景1,并对之作出完美的解答。
第四课时,给出新的引例,让学生体会到线性规划问题的普遍性.让学生讨论分析,对引例给出解答,并综合前三个课时的教学内容,连缀成线,总结出简单线性规划的应用性问题的一般解答步骤,通过例6,例7的分析与展示进一步完善这一过程.总结线性规划的应用性问题的几种类型,让学生更深入的体会到优化理论,更好的认识到数学来源于生活而运用于生活的特点。
七、教学过程设计
高三数学复习课件(篇13)
教学目标
知识目标等差数列定义等差数列通项公式
能力目标掌握等差数列定义等差数列通项公式
情感目标培养学生的观察、推理、归纳能力
教学重难点
教学重点等差数列的概念的理解与掌握
等差数列通项公式推导及应用教学难点等差数列“等差”的理解、把握和应用
教学过程
由XX《红高粱》主题曲“酒神曲”引入等差数列定义
问题:多媒体演示,观察————发现?
一、等差数列定义:
一般地,如果一个数列从第2项起,每一项与它的前一项的差等于同一个常数,那么这个数列就叫做等差数列。这个常数叫做等差数列的公差,通常用字母d表示。
例1:观察下面数列是否是等差数列:…。
二、等差数列通项公式:
已知等差数列{an}的首项是a1,公差是d。
则由定义可得:
a2—a1=d
a3—a2=d
a4—a3=d
……
an—an—1=d
即可得:
an=a1+(n—1)d
例2已知等差数列的首项a1是3,公差d是2,求它的通项公式。
分析:知道a1,d,求an。代入通项公式
解:∵a1=3,d=2
∴an=a1+(n—1)d
=3+(n—1)×2
=2n+1
例3求等差数列10,8,6,4…的第20项。
分析:根据a1=10,d=—2,先求出通项公式an,再求出a20
解:∵a1=10,d=8—10=—2,n=20
由an=a1+(n—1)d得
∴a20=a1+(n—1)d
=10+(20—1)×(—2)
=—28
例4:在等差数列{an}中,已知a6=12,a18=36,求通项an。
分析:此题已知a6=12,n=6;a18=36,n=18分别代入通项公式an=a1+(n—1)d中,可得两个方程,都含a1与d两个未知数组成方程组,可解出a1与d。
解:由题意可得
a1+5d=12
a1+17d=36
∴d=2a1=2
∴an=2+(n—1)×2=2n
练习
1、判断下列数列是否为等差数列:
①23,25,26,27,28,29,30;
②0,0,0,0,0,0,…
③52,50,48,46,44,42,40,35;
④—1,—8,—15,—22,—29;
答案:①不是②是①不是②是
2、等差数列{an}的前三项依次为a—6,—3a—5,—10a—1,则a等于()
A、1B、—1C、—1/3D、5/11
提示:(—3a—5)—(a—6)=(—10a—1)—(—3a—5)
3、在数列{an}中a1=1,an=an+1+4,则a10=。
提示:d=an+1—an=—4
教师继续提出问题
已知数列{an}前n项和为……
作业
P116习题3。21,2
高三数学复习课件(篇14)
一.课标要求:
(1)空间向量及其运算
① 经历向量及其运算由平面向空间推广的过程;
② 了解空间向量的概念,了解空间向量的基本定理及其意义,掌握空间向量的正交分解及其坐标表示;
③ 掌握空间向量的线性运算及其坐标表示;
④ 掌握空间向量的数量积及其坐标表示,能运用向量的数量积判断向量的共线与垂直。
(2)空间向量的应用
① 理解直线的方向向量与平面的法向量;
② 能用向量语言表述线线、线面、面面的垂直、平行关系;
③ 能用向量方法证明有关线、面位置关系的一些定理(包括三垂线定理);
④ 能用向量方法解决线线、线面、面面的夹角的计算问题,体会向量方法在研究几何问题中的作用。
二.命题走向
本讲内容主要涉及空间向量的坐标及运算、空间向量的应用。本讲是立体几何的核心内容,高考对本讲的考察形式为:以客观题形式考察空间向量的概念和运算,结合主观题借助空间向量求夹角和距离。
预测20xx年高考对本讲内容的考查将侧重于向量的应用,尤其是求夹角、求距离,教材上淡化了利用空间关系找角、找距离这方面的讲解,加大了向量的应用,因此作为立体几何解答题,用向量法处理角和距离将是主要方法,在复习时应加大这方面的训练力度。
三.要点精讲
1.空间向量的概念
向量:在空间,我们把具有大小和方向的量叫做向量。如位移、速度、力等。
相等向量:长度相等且方向相同的向量叫做相等向量。
表示方法:用有向线段表示,并且同向且等长的有向线段表示同一向量或相等的向量。
说明:①由相等向量的概念可知,一个向量在空间平移到任何位置,仍与原来的向量相等,用同向且等长的有向线段表示;②平面向量仅限于研究同一平面内的平移,而空间向量研究的是空间的平移。
2.向量运算和运算率
加法交换率:
加法结合率:
数乘分配率:
说明:①引导学生利用右图验证加法交换率,然后推广到首尾相接的若干向量之和;②向量加法的平行四边形法则在空间仍成立。
3.平行向量(共线向量):
如果表示空间向量的有向线段所在的直线互相平行或重合,则这些向量叫做共线向量或平行向量。 平行于 记作 ∥ 。
注意:当我们说 、 共线时,对应的有向线段所在直线可能是同一直线,也可能是平行直线;当我们说 、 平行时,也具有同样的意义。
共线向量定理:对空间任意两个向量 ( )、 , ∥ 的充要条件是存在实数 使 =
注:⑴上述定理包含两个方面:①性质定理:若 ∥ ( 0),则有 = ,其中 是唯一确定的实数。②判断定理:若存在唯一实数 ,使 = ( 0),则有 ∥ (若用此结论判断 、 所在直线平行,还需 (或 )上有一点不在 (或 )上)。
⑵对于确定的 和 , = 表示空间与 平行或共线,长度为 | |,当 0时与 同向,当 0时与 反向的所有向量。
⑶若直线l∥ , ,P为l上任一点,O为空间任一点,下面根据上述定理来推导 的表达式。
推论:如果 l为经过已知点A且平行于已知非零向量 的直线,那么对任一点O,点P在直线l上的充要条件是存在实数t,满足等式
①其中向量 叫做直线l的方向向量。
在l上取 ,则①式可化为 ②
当 时,点P是线段AB的中点,则 ③
①或②叫做空间直线的向量参数表示式,③是线段AB的中点公式。
注意:⑴表示式(﹡)、(﹡﹡)既是表示式①,②的基础,也是常用的直线参数方程的表示形式;⑵推论的用途:解决三点共线问题。⑶结合三角形法则记忆方程。
4.向量与平面平行:
如果表示向量 的有向线段所在直线与平面 平行或 在 平面内,我们就说向量 平行于平面 ,记作 ∥ 。注意:向量 ∥ 与直线a∥ 的联系与区别。
共面向量:我们把平行于同一平面的向量叫做共面向量。
共面向量定理 如果两个向量 、 不共线,则向量 与向量 、 共面的充要条件是存在实数对x、y,使 ①
注:与共线向量定理一样,此定理包含性质和判定两个方面。
推论:空间一点P位于平面MAB内的充要条件是存在有序实数对x、y,使
④或对空间任一定点O,有 ⑤
在平面MAB内,点P对应的实数对(x, y)是唯一的。①式叫做平面MAB的向量表示式。
又∵ 代入⑤,整理得
⑥由于对于空间任意一点P,只要满足等式④、⑤、⑥之一(它们只是形式不同的同一等式),点P就在平面MAB内;对于平面MAB内的任意一点P,都满足等式④、⑤、⑥,所以等式④、⑤、⑥都是由不共线的两个向量 、 (或不共线三点M、A、B)确定的空间平面的向量参数方程,也是M、A、B、P四点共面的充要条件。
5.空间向量基本定理:如果三个向量 、 、 不共面,那么对空间任一向量,存在一个唯一的有序实数组x, y, z, 使
说明:⑴由上述定理知,如果三个向量 、 、 不共面,那么所有空间向量所组成的集合就是 ,这个集合可看作由向量 、 、 生成的,所以我们把{ , , }叫做空间的一个基底, , , 都叫做基向量;⑵空间任意三个不共面向量都可以作为空间向量的一个基底;⑶一个基底是指一个向量组,一个基向量是指基底中的某一个向量,二者是相关联的不同的概念;⑷由于 可视为与任意非零向量共线。与任意两个非零向量共面,所以,三个向量不共面就隐含着它们都不是 。
推论:设O、A、B、C是不共面的四点,则对空间任一点P,都存在唯一的有序实数组 ,使
6.数量积
(1)夹角:已知两个非零向量 、 ,在空间任取一点O,作 , ,则角AOB叫做向量 与 的夹角,记作
说明:⑴规定0 ,因而 = ;
⑵如果 = ,则称 与 互相垂直,记作
⑶在表示两个向量的夹角时,要使有向线段的起点重合,注意图(3)、(4)中的两个向量的夹角不同,
图(3)中AOB= ,
图(4)中AOB= ,
从而有 = = .
(2)向量的模:表示向量的有向线段的长度叫做向量的长度或模。
(3)向量的数量积: 叫做向量 、 的数量积,记作 。
即 = ,
向量 :
(4)性质与运算率
⑴ 。 ⑴
⑵ =0 ⑵ =
⑶ ⑶
四.典例解析
题型1:空间向量的.概念及性质
例1.有以下命题:①如果向量 与任何向量不能构成空间向量的一组基底,那么 的关系是不共线;② 为空间四点,且向量 不构成空间的一个基底,那么点 一定共面;③已知向量 是空间的一个基底,则向量 ,也是空间的一个基底。其中正确的命题是( )
①② ①③ ②③ ①②③
解析:对于①如果向量 与任何向量不能构成空间向量的一组基底,那么 的关系一定共线所以①错误。②③正确。
例2.下列命题正确的是( )
若 与 共线, 与 共线,则 与 共线;
向量 共面就是它们所在的直线共面;
零向量没有确定的方向;
若 ,则存在唯一的实数 使得 ;
解析:A中向量 为零向量时要注意,B中向量的共线、共面与直线的共线、共面不一样,D中需保证 不为零向量。
题型2:空间向量的基本运算
例3.如图:在平行六面体 中, 为 与 的交点。若 , , ,则下列向量中与 相等的向量是( )
例4.已知: 且 不共面.若 ∥ ,求 的值.
题型3:空间向量的坐标
例5.(1)已知两个非零向量 =(a1,a2,a3), =(b1,b2,b3),它们平行的充要条件是()
A. :| |= :| |B.a1b1=a2b2=a3b3
C.a1b1+a2b2+a3b3=0D.存在非零实数k,使 =k
(2)已知向量 =(2,4,x), =(2,y,2),若| |=6, ,则x+y的值是()
A. -3或1 B.3或-1 C. -3 D.1
(3)下列各组向量共面的是()
A. =(1,2,3), =(3,0,2), =(4,2,5)
B. =(1,0,0), =(0,1,0), =(0,0,1)
C. =(1,1,0), =(1,0,1), =(0,1,1)
D. =(1,1,1), =(1,1,0), =(1,0,1)
解析:(1)D;点拨:由共线向量定线易知;
(2)A 点拨:由题知 或 ;
例6.已知空间三点A(-2,0,2),B(-1,1,2),C(-3,0,4)。设 = , = ,(1)求 和 的夹角 ;(2)若向量k + 与k -2 互相垂直,求k的值.
思维入门指导:本题考查向量夹角公式以及垂直条件的应用,套用公式即可得到所要求的结果.
解:∵A(-2,0,2),B(-1,1,2),C(-3,0,4), = , = ,
=(1,1,0), =(-1,0,2).
(1)cos = = - ,
和 的夹角为- 。
(2)∵k + =k(1,1,0)+(-1,0,2)=(k-1,k,2),
k -2 =(k+2,k,-4),且(k + )(k -2 ),
(k-1,k,2)(k+2,k,-4)=(k-1)(k+2)+k2-8=2k2+k-10=0。
则k=- 或k=2。
点拨:第(2)问在解答时也可以按运算律做。( + )(k -2 )=k2 2-k -2 2=2k2+k-10=0,解得k=- ,或k=2。
题型4:数量积
例7.设 、 、c是任意的非零平面向量,且相互不共线,则
①( ) -( ) = ②| |-| || - | ③( ) -( ) 不与 垂直
④(3 +2 )(3 -2 )=9| |2-4| |2中,是真命题的有( )
A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.②④
答案:D
解析:①平面向量的数量积不满足结合律.故①假;
②由向量的减法运算可知| |、| |、| - |恰为一个三角形的三条边长,由两边之差小于第三边,故②真;
③因为[( ) -( ) ] =( ) -( ) =0,所以垂直.故③假;
例8.(1)已知向量 和 的夹角为120,且| |=2,| |=5,则(2 - ) =_____.
(2)设空间两个不同的单位向量 =(x1,y1,0), =(x2,y2,0)与向量 =(1,1,1)的夹角都等于 。(1)求x1+y1和x1y1的值;(2)求 , 的大小(其中0 , 。
解析:(1)答案:13;解析:∵(2 - ) =2 2- =2| |2-| || |cos120=24-25(- )=13。
(2)解:(1)∵| |=| |=1,x +y =1,x =y =1.
又∵ 与 的夹角为 , =| || |cos = = .
又∵ =x1+y1,x1+y1= 。
另外x +y =(x1+y1)2-2x1y1=1,2x1y1=( )2-1= .x1y1= 。
(2)cos , = =x1x2+y1y2,由(1)知,x1+y1= ,x1y1= .x1,y1是方程x2- x+ =0的解.
或 同理可得 或
∵ , 或
cos , + = + = .
∵0 , , , = 。
评述:本题考查向量数量积的运算法则。
题型5:空间向量的应用
例9.(1)已知a、b、c为正数,且a+b+c=1,求证: + + 4 。
(2)已知F1=i+2j+3k,F2=-2i+3j-k,F3=3i-4j+5k,若F1,F2,F3共同作用于同一物体上,使物体从点M1(1,-2,1)移到点M2(3,1,2),求物体合力做的功。
解析:(1)设 =( , , ), =(1,1,1),
则| |=4,| |= .
∵ | || |,
= + + | || |=4 .
当 = = 时,即a=b=c= 时,取=号。
例10.如图,直三棱柱 中, 求证:
证明:
五.思维总结
本讲内容主要有空间直角坐标系,空间向量的坐标表示,空间向量的坐标运算,平行向量,垂直向量坐标之间的关系以及中点公式.空间直角坐标系是选取空间任意一点O和一个单位正交基底{i,j,k}建立坐标系,对于O点的选取要既有作图的直观性,而且使各点的坐标,直线的坐标表示简化,要充分利用空间图形中已有的直线的关系和性质;空间向量的坐标运算同平面向量类似,具有类似的运算法则.一个向量在不同空间的表达方式不一样,实质没有改变.因而运算的方法和运算规律结论没变。如向量的数量积ab=|a||b|cos在二维、三维都是这样定义的,不同点仅是向量在不同空间具有不同表达形式.空间两向量平行时同平面两向量平行时表达式不一样,但实质是一致的,即对应坐标成比例,且比值为 ,对于中点公式要熟记。
对本讲内容的考查主要分以下三类:
1.以选择、填空题型考查本章的基本概念和性质
此类题一般难度不大,用以解决有关长度、夹角、垂直、判断多边形形状等问题。
2.向量在空间中的应用
在空间坐标系下,通过向量的坐标的表示,运用计算的方法研究三维空间几何图形的性质。
在复习过程中,抓住源于课本,高于课本的指导方针。本讲考题大多数是课本的变式题,即源于课本。因此,掌握双基、精通课本是本章关键。
高三英语复习课件(合集10篇)
幼儿教师教育网花费了很长时间来整理和编辑,最终完成了今天的“高三英语复习课件”。对于老师来说,其中一项重要的工作就是制作自己的教案课件,因此大家可以开始着手撰写课堂教案课件了。仔细编排的教学教案可以帮助老师更好地掌握课程要点。欢迎阅读参考!
高三英语复习课件 篇1
以下50句写作句型与考研写作考察的炙热话题相关,可以作为写作的论证素材。建议考生在考前进行训练。训练的方法是先独立将中文转化为英文,然后对照参考译文,自查错误,对自己的译文进行改正,并学习参考译文中较好的句型、词汇等。最后要对好的语言素材进行背诵记忆。
1.涉及北京机动车使用量增加这一问题,有的人认为应该限制使用。另一些人持相反意见。
也许双方的观点都有一定道理,但是,无论车辆多少,必须对废气排放实行控制。
When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing, some people think that use should be limited.Others argue that the opposite is true.There is probably some truth to both arguments, but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles.
2.目前,针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的争论。反对流动工人增加的人认为这会导致犯罪率升高,从而危害社会稳定。他们主张应该严格限制进入中国城市的流动工人。但是,另一方面,支持廉价劳动力流入的人主张,为了支持大规模的城市基础设施建设规划,流动人口是必需的。
There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers.Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing numbers lead to rising crime rates and harm social stability.They believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China’s cities.But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force, on the other hand, maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive urban infrastructure construction program.
3.人们普遍认为过度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。专家认为中国必须推行大规模的植树造林计划。但我对仅仅植树造林就能解决问题表示怀疑。
It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding.Experts argue that China must introduce a massive forestation program.But I doubt whether forestation alone will solve the problem.
4.大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是,我认为,尽管财富提供物质上的利益,一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求,而是集中精力追求幸福。
Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems.But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides, I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness.
5.越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代”。针对这一现象,一些人认为互联网消除了障碍,为人们提供了与世界即时链接的途径。但是,他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私?
An increasing number of people are joining the “Information Age” via the Internet.In reaction to the phenomenon, some say the Internet has removed barriers and provided people with immediate access to the world.But do they realize that rapidly advancing information technology can also lead to intrusions of privacy?
6.最近,我们经常听到贫富差距扩大了的说法。一些人认为发达世界完全忽略了这个问题。事实是这样吗?细致的调查无法证实这一观点。
These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and poor.Some argue the developed world has totally ignored the problem.But has it? Close examination fails to bear out the argument.
7.我们经常被告知世界处于毁灭的边缘。但事实真是这样吗?
We’re often told that the world is tethering on the brink of destruction.But is this really the case?
8.许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在缺乏足够的居住空间。
One of the most serious problems many people talk about centers on the lack of adequate housing space.
9.也许当今困扰国家的最危险的现象是遍布各级政府的官员腐败。
Perhaps the most dangerous phenomenon gripping the nation today is official corruption, which is pervasive in all levels of government.
10.世界上越来越多的人认识到加强环境保护的必要性。
There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for strengthened environmental protection.
11.历史上,人口过剩的问题从来没有比现在更加突出。
Never before in history has the issue of overpopulation been more evident than now.
12.越来越多的人开始意识到财富不是幸福的唯一先决条件。
A growing number of people are beginning to realize that wealth is not the sole prerequisite for happiness.
13.尽管科学技术取得了非凡的进步,但是在保证进步成果使尽可能多的人受益这方面还存在一些问题。
In spite of the extraordinary progress made in science and technology, problems remain in terms of guaranteeing that achievements benefit the greatest number of people.
14.一位著名的思想家曾经写道:“对人类最大的威胁是人类自身!”如果事实确实如此,那么,现状应该促使我们对我们未来的生存进行思索了。
A famous thinker once wrote that “the greatest threat to mankind is mankind itself!” If this is indeed the case, then the current situation should make us ponder our future existence.
15.对人们行为的多年观察使我能够得出这样的结论:平庸和成功的主要区别仅仅在于相关的个人。成功的个人不断寻求进步,而他们比较懒惰的同时代人仅仅满足于现状。
Years of observing human behavior has enabled me to conclude that the major difference between mediocrity and success lies solely with the individual concerned.Successful individuals consistently seek advancement, while their less industrious contemporaries are merely content with the status quo.
16. 传统的思维方式有了显著的变化。舆论发生了剧变,人们表现出更开放的思想以及决定他们自己命运的强烈愿望。
Traditional ways of thinking have changed dramatically. The pendulum has swung and people are exhibiting greater open-mindedness and a burning desire to determine their own destiny.
17.近年来出现了对社会有害的拜金主义倾向。最近的一项调查表明,X%的调查对象把致富作为他们的首选,相比之下,就在几年前,只有X%的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到财富不一定带来幸福呢?
There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards the worship of money. A recent survey showed that X percent of respondents ranked getting rich as their top priority, compared to X percent only a few years ago. Why do people fail to realize that wealth does not necessarily bring happiness?
18. 几个月前,我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见,事实上是数以千计的案件的典型,这些案件与在酒精作用下开车的人有关。
Some months ago, a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving a drunk driver. The incident was far from rare, and was in fact typical of thousands of cases involving people driving under the influence of alcohol.
19. 简而言之,我们必须勤奋工作,为了下一代把世界变成更美好的地方。我们不应该坚持对环境有害的追求。
In short, we must work diligently to make the world a better place for coming generations. We must not persist in pursuits harmful to the environment.
20. 我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费。相反,我们应该继续发扬节俭的优点以守护我们新获得的繁荣。
We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption. We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift in order to protect our newfound prosperity.
21. 获得成功说起来比做起来容易,然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。成功人士的最重要的特征之一是自信,第二是渴望,还有一个是决心。
While achieving success is easier said than done, persistence does in fact pay off. One of the most important traits of a successful person is self-confidence, another is desire, and still another is determination.
22. 认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。
Recognizing a problem is the first step in finding a solution.
23. 我们应该感谢许多为把世界变得更美好而奉献一生的人。然而,我们不能依靠他们的成绩,而必须努力工作,取得更辉煌的成就。
We owe a debt of gratitude to the many individuals who dedicated their lives to making the world a better place. However, we must not rest on their accomplishments, but must instead work assiduously to record even greater achievements.
24. 现在,中国面临的两大挑战是保持持续的经济增长和靠世界上仅仅百分之七的可耕地养活仍在增长的12亿人口。尽管遇到的困难很大,中国人无疑会表现出不知疲倦的活力,在两方面都取得巨大成功。
The two major challenges facing China today center on maintaining sustained economic growth and feeding its growing population of over 1. 2 billion people with only seven percent of the world’s cultivable land. Despite the monumental difficulties involved, Chinese people will undoubtedly exhibit their indefatigable resilience and achieve great success in both regards.
25. 事实上,我们达到最终的目标还有很长的路要走,但是,取得一些成绩还是可能做到的。
We do, in fact, have a long way to go to reach our final goal, but achieving some remains well within the realm of possibility.
26. 为什么越来越多的中国老人不和他们的孩子住在一起?原因之一是年轻一代的上进心增强了。另一个原因是社会上老人的机会增加了。然而,主要的原因可能是传统观念发生了巨大变化。
Why are an increasing number of elderly Chinese parents living apart from their children? One reason is the increasing upward mobility of the younger generation. Another is expanding social opportunities for the elderly. Perhaps the main reason, however, centers on dramatic changes in traditional concepts.
27. 什么引发了人们对锻炼越来越浓的兴趣?一方面,人们更加清楚地意识到保持身体健康的必要性。另一方面,不断提高的生活水平使中国人能够支付增加的娱乐支出。最主要的可能在于锻炼带来的保健和心理上的好处。
What has sparked the increasing interest in exercise? For one thing, people have gained a greater awareness of the need for physical fitness. For another, the constantly improving standard of living enables Chinese people to patronize the increasing number of recreational venues. The main thing perhaps centers on the healthcare and psychological benefits exercise provides.
28. 要找到涉及许多复杂因素的新现象的原因远非一件易事。例如,一些科学家把环境的恶化归结为一些自然因素,而另一些人把责任都推到人类不适当的行为上。
Identifying the reasons for an emerging phenomenon which involves several complicated factors is far from an easy task. For example, some scientists attribute environmental deterioration to a series of natural factors, while others place the blame solely on inappropriate human behavior.
29. 对上升的少年自杀率的解释涉及很多复杂的因素。有的人把上升的原因归结为过分强调少年时期的成功,有的人指出是因为不断增长的同伴之间的压力,还有人认为是对不断变化的社会价值的迷茫造成的。
The explanation for the phenomenon of the rising teenage suicide rate involves many complicated factors. Some attribute the rise to an overemphasis on early success, others point to mounting peer pressure, and still others to confusion over changing social values.
30. 儿童的发展取决于很多因素,包括生理的和心理的。从婴儿期到青春期的正确的家长教育决定一个成熟的个人的体质及智力的状况。
Child development depends on a number of factors, both physical and psychological. Correct parental nurturing from infancy through adolescence determines both the physical and mental profile of a mature individual.
31. 自信、雄心,加上决心和毅力等因素是造成最终的成功或失败的原因。
Factors such as self-confidence and ambition, combined with determination and willpower, contribute to eventual success or failure.
32. 如今人类最常见的一个不足是不说真话。人们必须意识到不说真话、说谎话在过去没有,事实上,将来也永远不会变错误为正确。
One of the most common failures of people today is to avoid telling the truth. People must realize that avoidance and lying have never in the past and, in fact, never will right a wrong.
33. 声称缺少机会不过是敷衍失败的借口。通常,失败最根本的原因是相关的个人本身缺乏动力。
Claiming a lack of opportunities is nothing more than a superficial excuse for justifying failure. The fundamental reason for failure is most often the lack of drive on the part of the individual involved.
34. 我们可以,而且经常因个人的失败抱怨我们的同时代人,但是,事实是许多问题的根本原因要深刻得多。
We can, and quite often do, blame our contemporaries for personal failures, but the fact of the matter is that the root causes for most problems go much deeper.
35. 虽然全球变暖这一长期的问题确实很严重,但考虑到诸如环境的迅速恶化和不可更新资源的'普遍滥用等当前的问题,它的重要性就有所降低了。
While the long-term problem of global warming is indeed serious, its significance diminishes somewhat when considering immediate problems such as rapid environmental deterioration and the rampant misuse and abuse of nonrenewable resources.
36. 与拥有一辆自行车相比,人们更愿意拥有一辆汽车,但拥有后者涉及的问题远远超过前者。原因之一,汽车昂贵很多,需要更多的维护。原因之二,自行车不会引起污染。
Owning a car might be preferable to owning a bicycle, but the problems associated with owning the former far outweigh those of the latter. For one thing, automobiles are exponentially more expensive and require greater maintenance. For another, bicycles don’t pollute.
37. 从成功的角度来说,良好的职业道德与教育同等重要。事实上,成功的确建立在两方面完全融合的基础上。
From the standpoint of success, a good work ethic is no less important than an education. Success does, in fact, depend on the total integration of both aspects.
38. 改善教师的困难处境的确是优先处理的一件事情。但是,改进整个教育系统同等重要。
Improving the plight of teachers is indeed a priority item. However, improving the overall education system is likewise no less important.
39. 无论结果如何,我们必须坚定地继续为目标而努力。
Whatever the outcome, we must resolutely precede with our objective.
40. 无论成功的决心多么坚定,成功的要求多么强烈,一个人永远不能丧失他/她的道德和社会觉悟。
However great the will to achieve, and however great the demand to succeed, one should never abandon his/her moral and social consciousness.
41. 微软的创始人比尔・盖茨是成功的经典范例。
Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, is a classic example of success.
42. 坚持不懈能取得好结果!一个恰当的例子是正在进行的关于中东和平进程的谈判和预期达成的引人注目的决议。
Persistence pays off! A case in point centers on the ongoing negotiations and anticipated eminent resolution of the Middle East peace process.
43. 历史上有很多值得称赞和效法的伟人。
History abounds with great men worthy of adulation and emulation.
44. 锻炼对健康的重要性只是生活中人们想当然的事情的一个例子。
The importance of exercise to good health is only one example of aspects of life people most often take for granted.
45. 想象一下如果我们稍微多关心一下我们的同胞,世界将变得多美好。
Just imagine how great the word would be if we would only exhibit greater concern for our fellowman.
46. 一个人仅仅为了帮助别人而愿意完全放弃生活的舒适是很罕见的。
It is rare to find a person willing to totally abandon the comforts of life simply to help others.
Personal experience has taught that kindness to others pays untold dividends.
48. 庆幸的是,大量可靠的证据证明抽烟和癌症有直接联系是毫无疑问的。
Fortunately, a mountain of reliable evidence proves the direct link between smoking and cancer beyond any shadow of the doubt.
49. 数据显示模仿的犯罪行为有大幅度的增加,这证明电视暴力是犯罪增加的一部分直接原因。
Television violence has contributed directly to rising crime, as evidenced by statistics showing a dramatic rise in copycat crimes.
50. 当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔・克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时,大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。但是,还有很多人认为他的行为应当受到谴责。我个人认为总统犯了这些过错,应该被指控。
When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U. S. President Bill Clinton, most people say the affair involves a purely private matter. But many other people regard his actions as deplorable. I personally think the president committed impeachable offences.
高三英语复习课件 篇2
(2) 能力目标:熟练掌握阅读理解的考核项目及解题思路、备考策略。
(3) 情感目标:揭开阅读理解的神秘面纱,使学生树立信心,从容应对。
教学难点:如何从对整篇文章的把握,对特定细节以及复杂句子的理解方面提高学生的归纳、推理、判断能力,选出最佳选项。
教学方法:演绎归纳法。通过对此题型的讲解和归纳,使学生能够更容易从方法上去把握,从练习中去体会其解题的规律。
广东省高考英语阅读理解题的考查目的:
高考阅读理解要求考生在20分钟左右的时间内,完成对三篇不同题材、体裁文章的理解。另外,今年还增加了信息匹配题。要求考生在5分钟左右的时间内,完成对一篇文章有关信息的筛选和匹配。阅读理解考查的不仅是考生对整篇文章的把握能力,还考查了他们快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力;考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思,更重要的是要通过文章的表层去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。这是对考生能力、智力、心理的一个综合检验。阅读理解的好坏在很大程度上决定着英语考试成绩。
高考阅读理解试题的类型主要分为四种:细节理解题、推理判断题、猜测词义题和主旨大意题。它们常见的提问形式如下:
Which of the following (statements) is TRUE/not TRUE?
According to the passage, who(what, where ,when, why, how, etc,)…?
The following are mentioned EXCEPT______?
Why does the author say…?
Where in the passage does the author describe…?
It can be inferred from the passage that______
It can be included from the passage that_____
We can draw a conclusion that_____
We can learn from the passage that____
The underlined word “hit”( in paragraph 1) probably means___
What does the underlined part“reimburse you” probably mean?
By saying “it is all worth it” in the last paragraph ,the author means that ______
What is the main idea of the passage?
The best title for the passage might be____
The main purpose of the passage is to _____
The passage mainly tells us /is mainly about___
我们结合《英语周报》高三广州专版第30,31期的专题复习内容研以及配套的例题分析(见《英语周报》),针对高考阅读理解的四种主要题型,给学生做解题策略指导和技巧总结.
策略指导:先浏览一遍题目,把题目的要求储存在大脑中,带着疑问去快速阅读,然后找出与题目相关的信息词句加以理解分析,去伪存真。此种办法能有效地避免做细节理解题时的失误。
【技巧总结】准确捕捉信息,注意对信息进行综合分析,分清主次、真伪,避免受信息的干扰,陷入高考题所设下的“陷阱”,误选干扰项,因为某些干扰选项在文章中也能找到“依据”,具有很强的迷惑性。
策略指导:深层含义通常是隐藏在文字背后的延伸之意,弦外之音,如作者的意图、倾向、语气,人物的性格、心理、情感,故事的结局,事情的因果关系等。因此大家需调动自己的逻辑思维能力,透过字里行间,去严密推理,合理想象。
【技巧总结】隐含信息并非“空穴来风”, 而是“有源之水”,即隐含信息也是以文章的语言为载体。大家应准确捕捉信息,调动智力因素,严密推理,合理想象,忌“凭空想象 ”或“断章取义”。在阅读理解中结合自己的常识进行判断是必要的,但决不能以常识取代信息分析。推理判断既要严密,又要灵活。
策略指导:首先从词汇所处的语境进行分析,注意上下文之间的关系,如:如果出现that is, that is to say或破折号等,我们可以断定,后面的内容是对前面内容的解释;如果出现转折词but, however, yet以及表示相反结果的on the contrary, on the other hand等,我们可以从所给内容相反的意义去考虑。
【技巧总结】高考语意判断题很多都是考查旧词新义的理解。因此大家需把词汇或短句的字面意义与语境和上下文结合起来,选择最切合文章内容,最符合上下文逻辑的意义,切忌望文生义。
策略指导: 读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容,理一理文章的脉络,体会一下段与段之间的内在联系,这样做文章的中心一般都能概括出来, 涉及文章主旨大意方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。
【技巧总结】我们在归纳文章主题时,一定要注意选项的内涵和外延必须能恰如其分地概括文章的主题,既不能范围过大,也不能把某一细节或侧面误当作主题。阅读时我们还应注意捕捉文章出现频率较高的中心词汇以及文章和段落的主题句。在选择文章题目时,还应注意语言方面的特点:文章题目往往具有凝练、醒目的特点。
猜测词义是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力。猜测词义包括对词、词组和句意的理解,是高考英语试题阅读理解中的一类必考题。猜测词义题常见的解题方法:
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,也是高考的热点。
如:If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.
A. drunk B. sweating C. happy D. mistaken
分析:根据I don’t like to be with him我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起,那么,他要邀请我出去是不可能的 他就大错特错了。因此答案D。
阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词,往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子,如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in other words等,有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现,或用破折号、括号来表示。
如:Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.
分析:such as后所列举物品均为“货物”,由此推断cargo的意思相同,和后面的passengers形成对比。
有的文章作者为了增强表达效果,会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点,形成鲜明的对比,这时只要把握其中的一词,就不难推出另一词的含义,这种句子多见unlike, although, but, yet, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, for one thing, for another, instead of, rather than等信息词。如:One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.
A. Quite right. B. Time enough. C. Most unlike. D. Just the opposite.
分析:由前句中perfect information到后面imperfect information这一组对比关系的词,我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。
常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similarly等。如:
Millions of animals die each year on Us roads, the Highway administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the US today. The main reason? Roadkill.
分析:从后面的同位语an endangered wild cat可知“ocelot”是一种野生猫
某些冷僻的词汇后面会举一个例子,使词汇具体易懂。等连接性词语往往用来举例说明前面较难理解的名词。
如:You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.
分析:通过后面的例子:《英语世界》、《中小学外语教学》、《英语学习》,可知periodicals为“期刊杂志”
阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。
如:Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.
分析:anti-poison 是由poison加前缀anti-构成的,anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”,由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
5. 结构复杂的长句子出现在阅读理解中往往造成大家心理上的紧张,有时读了好几遍还不知道句子的意思,白白浪费了时间,如何对待阅读理解中的长句子?
策略指导:阅读理解中的结构复杂的句子一般分为两大类:第一类是由复合句或并列句构成的长复杂句子;第二类是省略句。对于第一类句子,大家应抓其主干成分,理解其主体意思,其他的成分都是对主体意思的修饰和补充。对于第二类句子,大家应通过上下文找出省略成分,把句子补充完整。
【技巧总结】结构复杂的句子往往出现在说明文或议论文中,这是造成考生心理紧张的主要原因。大家应冷静下来,结合文章所说明或议论的中心话题,抓住主干,层层理解。
主要考察学生的速读能力,即在有限的时间内理解、总结信息并且能快速找到相关的信息的能力。学生要学会寻读(scan),抓关键信息,然后进行匹配。
Step 3 Homework and consolidation exercises
1. 《英语周报》高三广州专版第30,31期的专题复习内容。
2. 《英语周报》高三广州专版第33-34期的年高考英语模拟试题(一 )--(十二)一共12套。
3. 和2007年全国各地的英语高考试题中的阅读理解。
阅读理解旨在考查考生理解总体和特定信息的能力。
任何一篇文章都有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可以得出文章的主旨要义。从这个段落或句子,读者可以知道文章描述的是谁或什么即文章的主题,也会了解作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。有时,文章的主旨要义则需要从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生的略读文章、领会大意的能力,有时候它
对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。
一篇文章的主题和中心确定之后,还需要有大量的细节信息支持。这些细节对于理解全文的内容至关重要,同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础,因而不容忽视。
正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基础。不懂得单词的含义根本就谈不上理解文章。但是,有时候英语单词的含义并非等同于词典上标注的汉语意思,其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。根据上下文正确理解灵活多变的词义,
才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在实际阅读活动中,有时候需要根据文章提供的线索和事实,进行逻辑推理,推测作
者未提到的事实或某事情发生的可能性。
英语文章讲究主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头,主题句可能在某一段的开头、中间或结尾,作用是交代该段的中心思想,再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。段与段之间通常有词语连接,承上启下,使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全文的文脉,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对
这种能力的考查一般反映在文章的中心思想、文中某段的大意或指代关系的题目中。
每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,或是向读者传递某个信息,或是愉悦读者,或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常不是明确表达出来,而是隐含在文章之中。因此,这类问
题要求考生在理解文章总体的基础之上,去领会作者的眼外之意。
下面结合2007年广东高考阅读理解试题,具体分析对这些能力的考查:
A
How should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation (通货膨胀)? Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.
I sometimes wonder what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. “The planet Earth is ruled by a mysterious creature that sits or stands in a room and makes a strange ticking sound, it has a face with twelve black marks and two hands. Men can do nothing without it's permission, and it fastens its young round people's wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control. This creature is the real master of Earth and men are its slaves. ” Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout the time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.
However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.
Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?
41. According to the passage, collecting antique clocks______.
A. can hardly keep the value of your savings
B. will cost much of your savings
42. By quoting (引用) the remark of a being from another planet, the author intends to________.
A. suggest human beings are controlled by a clock
B. describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth
C. tell readers what clocks look like
D. compare clocks to human beings
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?
A. Counting the beating of one's own heart.
B. Making use of candles, sand and water.
C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.
D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.
44. The underlined phrase “stately homes”in paragraph 4 means________.
B. houses in very good condition
C. grand houses open to the public
D. houses where statesmen meet regularly
45. The purpose of the passage is_______.
A. to introduce the culture of antique clocks
B. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks
C. to compare different ways to make a future profit
D. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time
[导读] 这是一篇叙议结合的散文。人们在通货膨胀的今天应该怎样投资一笔钱呢?存在银行里,这笔钱几乎不能够保值,无论存款利息多么高。只有勇敢的人或是富有者才敢于在股票市场买卖。今天保护你的储蓄甚至增加你的财富最好方法之一似乎是购买过去遗传下来的漂亮的物品。因此,作者顺理成章地提出一些关于收藏古董闹钟的忠告,奉劝人
们投资收藏古董闹钟以便将来盈利。
Key: 41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B
41. C。细节事实理解题。收集闹钟可以增加你的财富。根据第1段的句子:Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your saving and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past. Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques. 今天保护你的储蓄甚至增加你的财富最好方法之一似乎是购买过去的漂亮的物品。这里我打算提供一些关于收集古董闹钟的忠告,我个人认为它们是最令人感兴趣的古董之一。再看最后一段最后一句:After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in an antique clock and perhaps make a future profit?别忘了,如果你打算受时间制约,请投资收藏古董闹钟以便将
来盈利吧?
42. A。深层含义理解题。作者引用外星人的话,目的是为了说明人类被闹钟所控制。根据第2段的引文意思:有时候我想知道一个外星人关于我们的生活方式可能会反馈回去的报告内容是什么。“地球这个行星被神秘的动物控制,这种动物坐在或站在一个房间里并发出一种奇怪的滴答声,它有一张脸,脸上有12个黑色的标记,还有两只手。如果没有它的命令人们什么事情也不做,并且它把它那年轻的圆圆的人们的手腕系得紧紧地,这样,无论人们走到那里,都处于它的控制之下。这个动物是地球的真正的主人,人是它的
” 奴隶。
43. D。细节判断题。A项与第2段的下列句子吻合:Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of day according to the beating of their own hearts.; B项与第3段的下列句
子吻合:They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hourglasses, and invented water-clocks;C项与第3段的下列句子吻合:They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun.;D项的含义是:“让奴隶日夜忙碌”,这与第2段的下列句子不一致:... but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time.但是人们相信许多年之前国王们畜养了专用的奴隶来辨别时间。
44. C。词义猜测题。state-owned houses国有的房子;houses in very good condition状况良好的房子;grand houses open to the public对公众开放的宏伟的房子;houses where statesmen meet regularly政治家们经常集会的房子。根据第4段的信息词student, visiting palaces和museums判断,认真研究古董的学生应该尽可能多花时间参观宫殿、宏伟的房
子和博物馆,可以看见一些过去遗传下来的最精致的闹钟的珍品。
45. B。写作意图题。作者的写作目的是为了提出一些关于收藏古董闹钟的忠告。见第1段句子:Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques. 这里我打算提供一些关于收藏古董闹钟
的忠告,我个人认为它们是最令人感兴趣的古董之一。
B
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” help you create this life of good feelings.
Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions.
Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.
46. According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our .
47. The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to .
48. The phrase “bringing the error to the clerk's attention” (in para. 5) means .
A. telling the truth to the clerk
C. asking the clerk to be more attentive
D. reminding the clerk of the charged item
49. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?
A. We'll be very excited.
B. We'll feel unfortunate.
C. We'll have a sense of honor.
D. We'll feel sorry for the clerk.
50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
D. Happiness through Honorable Actions
[导读] 这是一篇说理、规劝性的议论文。本文的中心是:作者提倡通过高尚的行为获得幸福,规劝人们多行善事获得幸福,以形成一种美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想行为可以使你的生活具有一种和平感、幸福感、善良感和自尊感。过高尚行为的生活可以创造美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想导致高尚的行为。高尚的行为致使我们幸福的生存。当我们幸福的时候,我们容易产生高尚的思想和行为。虽然积极的循环难以开启,但是,一旦开启,就容易继续下去。坚持不断地做善事会给我们到来平静的心理,这样做对我们的幸福
46. A。细节事实理解题。第5段第6-8句:In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.比较而言,把这个错误引起这个职员的注意导致几件事情发生。职员立刻知道我们是高尚的(honorable)。我
们一离开商店,就感觉到是高尚的,并且我们的自尊在增加。
47. B。细节事实理解题。第5段第1-2句:In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. 在第一个案例中,我们不告诉那个职员,有几件事情会发生。在内心深处我们会知道我们
自己就是小偷。
48. A。句子意思猜测题。第5段分两层意思。第1-5句是第一层意思:在第一个案例中,我们不告诉那个职员,有几件事情会发生。在内心深处我们会知道我们自己就是小偷。在这个过程中,我们的心理会失去平静,也失去自尊。我们也会证明我们不可以信赖,因为我们通过告诉家里的人和朋友的方式来忠告我们的耻辱。第5段第6-8句是第二层意思:比较而言,把这个错误引起这个职员的注意导致几件事情发生。职员立刻知道我们是高尚的(honorable)。我们一离开商店,就感觉到是高尚的,并且我们的自尊在增加。通过对比这两层意思,可以判断bringing the error to the clerk's attention意思是“实话告诉这个职
员”。
49. C。细节事实理解题。第5段第7-8句:Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. 职员立刻知道我们是高尚的(honorable)。我们一离开商店,就感觉到是高尚的,并且我们的自
员”。
50. D。归纳标题。结合第1段和最后一段,并综合全文,我们可以得知:通过高尚的行为获得幸福。过高尚行为的生活可以创造美丽的积极的循环。高尚的思想导致高尚的行为。高尚的行为致使我们幸福的生存。当我们幸福的时候,我们容易产生高尚的思想和行为。虽然积极的循环难以开启,但是,一旦开启,就容易继续下去。坚持不断地做善事会
给我们到来平静的心理,这样做对我们的幸福很重要。
C
Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic (寄生虫引起的)disease, kills as many as three million people every year ---- almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease is passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
51. According to paragraph I, many people don't seek care because .
C. they can remain unaffected for long
D. there are too many people suffering from the disease
52. People suffering from malaria .
A. have to kill female mosquitoes
B. have ability to defend parasites
C. have their red blood cells infected
D. have sudden fever, followed by chills
53. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?
A. Its resistance to global warming.
B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.
D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
54. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
55. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?
A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?
B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?
C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?
D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?
[导读] 这是一篇介绍医学科普常识的说明文。本文主要介绍疟疾病的起因、传播、危害与治疗。疟疾(Malaria)是世界上传播最广泛的寄生虫引起的病,每年都要使三百万人致命--几乎全是5岁以下的孩子,并且是贫穷的非洲人。疟疾病本身有很多基因,对于各种新药物具有抵抗性,所以目前还没有找到根治疟疾病的最佳治疗方法和药物。
51. A。细节事实理解题。见第1段第2-3句:... because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. (多年来,有5亿多病例由这种病引起的,虽然确切的数字难以估计,) 因为许多人不去寻求(或不可能)医疗护理。这种情况对于一个年收入不到200美元的家庭并非不同寻常,因为要治疗疟疾病,
就花去年收入的四分之一,并且他们时常所得到的不再有效。
52. C。细节事实理解题。见第2段第3句:Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染) .疟疾寄生虫依靠吃他们感染的红血球生存。这说明疟疾病患者的红
血球受到感染。
53. D。细节事实理解题。这种疾病之所以广泛传播是因为它有一种自我防御和抵抗新药物的能力。见第2段倒数第3句:Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change
rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control.。
54. B。推理判断题。根据第3段倒数第2句:Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. 一些成功的可供选择的化学药品在阻止疟疾的这种抵抗力方面已经出现效用,但是这些可供选
择的化学药品非常短缺,并且昂贵,因此大多数人不容易得到可供选择的治疗。
55. D。细节事实理解题。A项见第2段第1句:Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches;B项见第1段第1句:... kills as many as three million people every year almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African.;C项见第2段第3句:Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control.;又见第1段第2
句:... because many people don't (or can't) seek care.;D项没有提到。
高三英语复习课件 篇3
1.利用课文的词、句复习,训练学生的组句能力。从词和句入手,将每个单元课文的词和句与基础写作结合起来,是培养和提高学生的英语能力的有效途径。这不仅能帮助提高学生记忆和灵活应用词汇的能力,而且还有助于训练学生语句表达的正确性。
(1)归纳词汇和句型,帮助学生建立对词、句使用的感性认识。写作是一种语言的输出形式,只有大量的语言输入,语言输出才有可能;只有积累了一定的感受和大量的语言素材,写作才有可能进行。为了帮助学生记忆课文中的单词和短语,达到积累语言素材,掌握基本语法知识与语句结构的目的,教师可以从训练学生归纳每个单元课文中出现的重要词汇、短语和常用句型入手,使学生对句型结构的认识更加清楚,并对词、句的使用语境形成感性的认识。
(2)操练词汇和句型,训练学生的记忆和使用词、句的能力。为了使学生掌握和应用课文中所学词汇和句型,教师应为学生创设多层次的练习活动,拓宽写作的.训练途径。教师可采用将学生从课文中归纳的词汇、句型进行词类转换、习惯用法、句型转换、完型填空、写短文等形式的训练,帮助提高学生的记忆和使用词、句的能力。
二、借鉴课文词、句进行仿写。
通过提供情景让学生模仿造句,不仅可以降低写作难度,而且可以增加学生写作的兴趣、自信和成就感,使学生的遣词造句的能力在实践中得到提升。
三、借鉴课文句型,训练写作多种表达与技巧,拓展学生思维。
教师在教学实践中会发现,学生在基础写作中往往出现句式雷同、语句呆板、行文单一等现象,缺乏用5个句子有效表达和传输信息的能力。因此,教师就有必要继续进一步加强句子多样化表达、句子转换替代、句子合并等训练,教会学生使用不同的短语、句型结构表达同一的意义;同时,还让学生明白写作的逻辑原则:一个句子表达的信息量越多,而且使用的句子越精练、清楚,那么句意表达和传输信息就越有效。
四、利用课文体裁,训练学生谋篇布局的能力。
教师会发现高三学生在写作中存在的另一个问题是层次不清、结构散乱以及逻辑性不强,这是因为学生缺乏谋篇布局的能力。针对这方面问题,教师可以在教学中利用课文的体裁进行文章结构方面的训练以及进行句子、段落间的连接训练。
高三英语复习课件 篇4
英语写作基础语法是怎么样的?各位同学,我们一起看看下面,一起阅读吧!
It will rain tomorrow.
He often runs in the morning.
They cried.
Tom exercises every day.
I miss my mother very much.
She wants to go home now.
The English club is going to hold an English party.
The music sounds wonderful.
The leaves have turned red.
She is a student.
We keep silent about that.
4
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物):S+V+IO+DO
The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.
They told me an interesting story.
The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.
My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.
Miss Smith teaches us English.
5
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语: S+V+O+C
They call me Xiao Wang.
I saw him swimming in the river.
We elected him monitor of the class.
高三英语复习课件 篇5
非谓语动词有三种形式:不定式,动词ing形式(v-ing)及过去分词(ed分词)。
不定式的基本形式是由“to+ 动词原形”构成,其否定形式是not to do,不定式可以带自己的宾语或状语,构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化,不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语,不作谓语。如:
Lucy asked him to turn up the radio.
To make a plan first is a good idea.
1. 动词不定式不失动词的特点,有时态和语态的变化,不定式有六种形式,以write为例:
(1)不定式的时态:
①不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生或是在谓语动词之后发生,不定式用一般式,如:
It seems that he knows this.
鯤e seems to know this.
I hope that I'll see you again.
鯥 hope to see you again.
②不定式所表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生,并强调动作正在进行的情景,或持续性,不定式用进行式,如:
He pretended that he was listening to English course when I came in.
鯤e pretended to be listening to English course when I came in.
I am very glad that I am working with you.
鯥 am very glad to be working with you.
③不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前,不定式用完成式,如:
I am sorry that I have put you so much trouble.
鯥 am sorry to have put you so much trouble.
It seems that I have met you somewhere before.
鯥 seem to have met you somewhere before.
④如果强调不定式所表示的动作从过去某一时刻起一直持续到某一时刻,不定式用完成进行时,强调动作的持续性,不强调结果。如:
She seems to have been reading the novel for three hours.
The rain was said to have been falling for a week.
(2)不定式的语态:当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时,不定式一般用被动式。如:
This is the plan to be discussed at today's meeting.
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.
Whether most countries can use natural energy in future remains to be seen.
(1)不定式作主语:
To say is one thing; to do is another.
To read novels is my hobby.
it形式主语常常代替作主语的不定式,而将不定式或不定式短语放在后面。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.
鯥t is great pleasure to talk with him.
To make electricity by building a dam across the sea is possible.
鯥t is possible to make electricity by building a dam across the sea.
注意:①To see is to believe. 主语和表语都是不定式,不能用it代替:It is to believe to see是错误的。
②To answer correctly is more important than to finish quickly. 而finish与finishing放在than后面都是不合适的,因为前面句子的主语是to answer,后面的主语也要是to finish, 保持than前后句子结构平行。
At that time his job was to write reports for the newspaper.
This suit doesn't seem to fit me.
The problems remain to be unsettled.
(3)不定式作宾语:在下列及物动词后,常跟不定式作宾语:want, need, hope, wish, expect, like, hate, try, manage, forget, remember, know, begin, start, intend, plan, mean, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn等。
To keep the water clean, you need to get some under water plants.
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
They have decided to visit the nature park for the milu deer.
注意:不定式作宾语时,有时用“it”替换,it为形式宾语,而将真正的不定式作宾语后置,如:
I found to learn English well not easy.
鯥 found it not easy to learn English well.
I feel to help others my duty.
鯥 feel it my duty to help others.
Jim told me to give his best wishes to everyone here.
What caused you to change your mind?
在被动语态was considered后面,不定式为主语补足语接不定式作宾补和主补的动词常有:
ask, beg, cause, call n, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell
等。
(其中没有hope sb. to do, suggest sb. to do和agree sb. to do)
注意:①不定式作宾语补足语,在部分感官及使役动词后,用不带to的不定式作宾语,常用的动词有:let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等,help有无to都可以,如:
The teacher had us recite the text every day.
The boss made his men work all the night.
把上面句子变成被动语态后,不定式成为句子的主语补足语,需带to,即在被动语态中不定式一律带to,不存在省略问题。
注意:②在谓语动词think, consider, suppose, believe, imagine, prove, find等后面跟to be作宾补,不跟to do,但其中有些可跟to have done作宾补。如:
Imagine yourself(to be)in his place.
We found him(to be)honest.
suppose…to be/suppose…to have done.
I suppose him to be about fifty.
We suppose him to have stolen it.
(5)不定式作定语:不定式作定语,有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系,如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点,工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词,如:
I have a meeting to attend. (attend the meeting)
Pass me a piece of paper to write on. (write on the paper)
在time, place, way后面的不定式省略介词,如:
He had no money and no place to live.
其他不定式作定语情况,如:
I have no chance to go abroad.
They had never moment to rest.
There is a lot of work to do.
=There is a lot of work to be done.
There is no time to lose.
=There is no time to be lost.
但是在下列句子中,不定式主动与被动形式意义不同:
--Have you anything to wash?
--No, nothing. I plan to go shopping.
不定式动作的执行者是you. you wash something
--Have you anything to be washed?
--No, Thank you.
不定式动作的执行者不是you. 是省略了的(…to be washed)by me或by someone else.
I got up early in order to catch the 6∶30 train.
The boy ran all the way so as not to be late.
注意:so as to不能置于句首,in order to可以。
②作原因状语:
He smiled to think of his clever plan.
③在某些形容词后面作状语:
I am glad to see you.
You are sure to succeed.
④作结果状语:
第一, I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed. (出乎意料的结果)
He is too old to read.
The boy is too young to dress himself.
当不定式前的形容词为nervous, pleased, willing, delighted, happy, glad等时,too…to,“to…”可译作肯定,
They are too nervous to leave. 他们急于离开
I am only too pleased to help you.
We are never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。
第三,形容词/副词enough to do sth.
He was quick enough to catch the ball.
The girl is old enough to go to school.
第四,so…as to/such…as to如此……以致于……
He was so angry that he was unable to speak.
He was so angry as to be unable to speak.
He was such a fool that he believed the cheat.
He was such a fool as to believe the cheat.
⑤不定式作方面状语,不定式作方面状语与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式多用主动结构,如果不定式为及物动词,后面不必再跟宾语,如果不定式为不及物动词,要用相应的介词,如:
The mountain is difficult to climb. (动宾关系:climb the mountain)
Lesson Two is easy to learn. (动宾关系:learn Lesson Two)
3. 不定式的逻辑主语:不定式的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语,如He seemed to be reading something, 当需要明确指出不定式动作的执行者时,用for/of sb. (sth. )to do sth. 表示,如:
(1)当作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行,性格,性质时,要用of,常见的这类形容词有:
brave, careful, careless, kind, nice, good, honest, clever, wise, unwise, stupid, foolish, rude, cruel, silly, thoughtful, impolite, polite, right, wrong, 等。这时It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. /sth. to do sth. 句型,等于sb. /sth. + be+ 形容词to do sth. , 如:
It is very kind of you to say so.
相当于You are very kind to say so.
It is clever of him to win the competition.
鯤e is clever to win the competition.
It+ be+ 形容词+ for sb. /sth. to do sth. 这一句型中的形容词大多为:
easy, important, usual, difficult, hard, possible, impossible, necessary等。这些词只能说明不定式行为的是与非,不能说明不定式的执行者,所以不等于sb. + be+ 形容词+ to do sth. ,如:
1)It is difficult for beginners to read the book.
不能说:Beginners are difficult to read.
但是第一类,即It+ be+ 形容词+ of sb. to do sth. 句型中的形容词,如right, impolite…等如果强调评论人用of,强调评论行为也可用for,应用情况如下:
(1)当sb. 为泛指时,形容词着重评论不定式行为本身,如:
It was not right for the south to break away from the Union.
(2)当不定式为被动语态时,不定式的执行者常常省略,因此形容词只用来评论不定式行为了。
It was unkind for you to be laughed at.
4. 带疑问词的不定式:动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when, whether等连用,构成不定式短语,如:
The question is when to start.
They haven't ageed on whether to build a factory here or not.
what to say.
I don't know what to write about.
how to do it.
注意:没有if to do和why to do.
I don't know why I should do it. (正)
5. 不定式省略“to”的情况:
(1)当and或or连接同一概念的不定式时,或者当它们之间的关系并列一致时,可将and或or后面的to省去,如:
I'd like to go and see a film.
He had to have a job or go hungry.
但是,有时为了表示对照,或加强语气,则不可以省去to,如:
It is easier to say than to do.
(2)不定式在一部分感官或使役动词后面作宾补省略to。
(3)不定式在but(除了……以外),except后面的使用,如果but, except前有行为动词do, but, except后省去to,如:
They had nothing to do but wait for the doctor.
The whole night he did nothing except watch TV.
(4)在固定句型中:would rather do…than do…/prefer to do rather than do:
1)The bus was so crowded that I'd rather walk home than take a bus.
2)I prefer to play tennis rather than(play)basketball.
6. “to”代表整个不定式:有时为了避免重复,省去不定式后面的内容,保留到不定式符号to, 如果是to be,保留到be,如:
--Will you please give him a message when you see him?
--I'll be glad to.
--Would you like to go shopping with me?
有时为了强调,也可以不省略。
Do what he or she tell you to do.
动词-ing形式由动词原形+ ing构成。动词-ing形式起到名词、形容词和副词的作用,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语和宾语补足语,但不能单独构成谓语,其构成形式如下,以do为例:
完成时态 having done having been done
Learning English is very important to me.
Having been widened, the road took on a different look.
随着-ing在句子中所做的成分不同,所用的时态和语态有不同的要求,关于-ing的时态和语态的详细使用,在下面ing所作的句子成分中讲述。
1. 动词-ing形式作主语:
Seeing is believing.
有时主语太长,可用it作形式主语,将真正主语放在后面。如:
It is fun swimming in a river or lake in summer.
It is dangerous playing/to play with fire.
但在口语中用动词-ing形式放在句首比不定式多。
Going shopping is a pleasant thing.
②在下列句型中习惯用-ing作主语,不用不定式:
It is no good doing.
It is useless only learning English grammar.
It is no good cutting down the forest.
③在there+ be+ no+ 主语结构中,必须用动词-ing作主语:
There is no telling what will happen in the future.
④主语和表语结构相同,对等。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
Would you mind my sitting here?
We suggest going out for a picnic on Sunday.
(2)在介词后:
We look forward to seeing you again.
(3)在worth, busy, feel like, look like等形容词后面:
China Daily is well worth reading.
The firefighters were busy putting out the big fire.
They look like winning the relay race.
Suddenly I feel like eating something.
动词-ing做主语或宾语时,一般情况下其逻辑主语为句子的主语,如果需要自己的逻辑主语时,要用物主代词或名词所有格+ 动词-ing,如:
His/Li Ping's coming late, made the teacher unhappy.
Would you mind my/me smoking here?
当动词-ing不在句首时,可用人称代词宾格,名词普通格代替,但逻辑主语为无生命的名词,或泛指时,用普通格,如:
We heard the noise of desks being opened and closed.
3. 不定式与动词-ing作宾语的比较:
(1)在下列一些动词后面常跟动词-ing作宾语,而不跟不定式:
admit, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape,
excuse, face, feel like, finish, fancy, forbid, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention,
mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest等。如:
He practices speaking English every day.
He admitted having broken the window.
I much appreciate your giving me the chance.
She dislikes doing housework.
He enjoys nothing but playing the computer.
(2)在下列一些动词后只跟不定式,不跟动词-ing作宾语:
want(想要),hope, expect, wish, decide, would like, refuse, manage, pretend, demand,
offer, afford, plan, wonder, intend…等,如:
I am expecting to get a letter from my parents.
We are planning to build another research center.
I'd like to buy a new car made in the U. S. A.
(3)在下列一些动词后面跟不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语,意义不同,如:
I remember doing this exercise before.
我记得以前做过这个练习。
Remember to post the book for me.
记住帮我把那本书寄走。
We shall never forget hearing Jackson singing.
我们忘不了听杰克逊唱歌的情景。
Don't forget to give my regards to them.
I'll try to improve my pronunciation.
我要努力去纠正,提高我的发音。
Since no one answered the front door, why not try knocking at the back door?
既然前门没人答应,为什么不试试后门呢?
I suggest we stop working and have a rest.
我建议我们停下干活,休息一会儿。
They stopped to listen, but there was no more sound.
他们停下来,听一听,再没什么声音。
What do you mean to do with your old bicycle?
你打算如何处理你那辆旧自行车?
I won't wait if it means delaying a week or so.
如果这意味着要推迟一星期左右,那我就不等了。
(4)在love, like, hate, prefer后面跟不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别,如:
Do you like to eat ice-cream?
I like traveling very much.
I like driving(do drive)fast cars.
(5)在start, begin后面,一般接不定式和动词-ing形式无多大区别,在下列情况下,多用不定式:
①自然界变化:
It started to rain.
Snow started to melt as spring came.
②心理活动,在understand, know, realize等词前面:
I began to understand my mother's feelings.
③begin, start本身为进行时:
Mother was starting to cook in the kitchen when I got home.
(6)在allow, advise, permit, forbid等动词后面,有名词或代词作宾语,用不定式做宾语补足语,如果没有宾语,直接用-ing形式,如:
1)We don't allow parking here.
2)The police don't allow people to park here.
3)He advised me to get an English pen friend.
4)I advise seeing more English films.
(7)need, require, want译作“需要”时,跟动词-ing作宾语,主动表示被动,相当于to be done,如:
The windows require cleaning.
The windows require to be cleaned.
The patient needs operating on at once.
The patient needs to be operated on.
The flowers want watering.
The flowers want to be watered.
(8)在一些固定表达中用动词-ing形式,不用不定式:
can't help doing, be worth doing, devote…to doing, look forward to doing, be/get/become used to doing, object to doing, thank…for doing, excuse…for doing等。
Einstein devoted his life to making a research in science.
I'm looking forward to getting your letter.
We are used to living in the countryside.
4. 动词-ing在句中作表语:
Our plan is setting up a new car factory.
My job is teaching/driving.
这类词作表语,起解释说明主语的作用,主表可颠倒:Teaching is my job. 转换成问句,用what提问:
--What's your job?
--My job is teaching.
--How is your job?
--It is interesting.
--How was your trip?
--It is tiring, but interesting.
5. 动词-ing作定语:
(1)表示被修饰名词的用途:
There are two reading rooms in our school library.
a reading room其含义是A room is used for reading.
The swimming pool in our school is nearly completed.
the swimming pool其含义是The pool is used for swimming.
(2)如果动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰的名词发出的一个正在进行的动作或某种特征行为,这时被修饰的名词与动词-ing逻辑上有主谓关系,如果是主动关系用doing, 被动关系用done, 或being done表达,另外有时间要求:
第一种情况:主动关系,-ing形式与谓语动词同时进行,或经常发生,用doing,如:
Look at the dancing girl. She is one of my classmates.
Look at the girl who is dancing. ….
China is a developing country.
China is a country that is developing.
注意:①如果动词-ing形式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,一般不用having done作定语,而用定语从句表达,如:
The teacher criticized the boy having broken the window. (误)
The teacher criticized the boy who had broken the window. (正)
注意:②如果表达的是未来发生的动作,或含有情态概念,用不定式表达,如:
I have a meeting to attend today.
鯥 have a meeting that I will attend today.
Mary is the proper worker to do the job.
鯩ary is the proper worker who can do the job.
第二种情况:被动关系:动词-ing表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生,正在进行,用being done; 发生在谓语动词之前,完成了的动作用done;发生在谓语动词之后,未来的动作,用to be done. 如:
The bridge being built now is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that is being built now is two kilometers long.
The bridge built last year is two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that was built last year is two kilometers long.
The bridge to be built next year will be two kilometers long.
鯰he bridge that will be built next year will be two kilometers long.
6. 动词-ing作宾语补足语和主语补足语:经常在see, hear, feel, watch, notice,
observe, find, get, look at, listen to, keep, leave, send, set, catch等一些动词后面用动词-ing作补语,其中宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系,如果主谓关系是主动的,又表示动作在进行,或状态的持续,用doing; 如果主谓关系是被动的,又表示动作在进行,用being done,如:
I noticed them repairing the car.
鯳hen they were repairing the car, I noticed.
I noticed the car being repaired.
鯳hen the car was being repaired, I noticed.
如果宾语和宾补是主动关系,又表示动作的全过程,即完成或一般时态,宾补用不定式to do表达(在某些动词后面不定式不带to);如果是被动关系,又表示动作的全过程,即完成时态用done表达,如:
I often notice them repair the car.
I noticed the car repaired.
如果把上述句子变成被动语态,宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。
7. 动词-ing形式作状语:动词-ing形式作状语时,要求其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语,句子的主语与动词-ing形式逻辑上有主谓关系。如果主谓关系是主动的,用主动语态;-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生用一般式doing, 如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前,用完成式having done, 如:
Walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
相当于When I was walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.
Having finished their work, they had a rest. 相当于After they had finished their work, they had a rest.
如果主谓关系是被动的,用被动语态;-ing动作与谓语动词同时发生,用done;如果-ing动作发生在谓语动词之前,已完成的动作,用被动语态的完成式having been done, 如:
Having been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
相当于After our classroom had been cleaned and decorated, our classroom took on a new look.
Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
相当于As he is well known for his expert advice, he was able to help many people.
注意:-ing形式做状语时,如果-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语,人称代词用主格,名词用普通格,如:
Mother/She being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
It being Sunday, the shops are crowded.
过去分词由动词+ ed构成,起到形容词和副词的作用,在句中可作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。过去分词的性质是被动,完成,但有时侧重程度,有时侧重被动,不及物动词变成的过去分词无被动的意义,过去分词形式由动词原形加词尾-ed构成,及部分不规则的词如:done, played.
①侧重程度:
boiling water 沸水 fallen leaves落叶
boiled water 凉开水 frozen chicken冷冻鸡
②侧重主、被动:
a broken glass, a dancing girl, a damaged house.
1. 过去分词的作用:
(1)过去分词作状语:同动词-ing形式作状语一样,过去分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语,如是被动关系,又与谓语动词同时发生,或无一定时间对比,用过去分词,如:
Seen from the top of the mountain, the lake looks like a mirror. (相当于The lake is seen)
相当于When the lake is seen from the top of the mountain it looks like a mirror.
Heated, water can turn into vapor.
相当于If it is heated, water can turn into vapor.
(2)过去分词作表语:
We are interested in science.
(3)过去分词作定语:过去分词作定语,有时间要求,发生在谓语动词之前,即完成的动作,用done,而不用having been done.
The bridge built last year is 2 kilometers long.
People invited to the party are most scientists.
(4)过去分词作宾补:
I noticed the car repaired.
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式的区别:
(1)作表语和定语的区别:动词-ing形式表示事物对人造成的影响,事物是主动的,常译成令人……,使人……;过去分词表示人对事物的看法产生的心理反应,人是被动的,常译作:感到……如:
The news is surprising.
We are surprised at the news.
这类词很多,如:inspiring, inspired, astonishing, astonished, tiring, tired,
moving, moved, disappointing, disappointed, worrying, worried, encouraging, encouraged, …….
(2)作宾补的区别:宾语与宾补逻辑上有主谓关系,主动用动词-ing或不定式表达,被动用being done或done表达。
We found him standing outside the door.
He found the door locked.
(3)作状语的区别:用作状语的动词,与句子的主语逻辑上有主谓关系、主动用-ing形式,被动用过去分词。
The boy entered the room, followed by a dog.
相当于The boy entered the room and he was followed by a dog.
The boy entered the room, following his father.
相当于The boy entered the room and followed his father.
(4)-ing形式与ed分词都可以作状语,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、让步、程度,如:
Having brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better. (时间)
After she had brought her father back to England, Lucy helped him to get better.
Disturbed by the noise, we had to finish the meeting early. (原因)
We had to finish the meeting early because we were disturbed by the noise.
Born a free man, he was now in chains. (让步)
Though he was born a free man, he was now in chains.
(If) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk. (条件)
鯥f you are bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.
The boy ran in, carrying a ball in his arm. (伴随)
鯰he boy ran in and carried a ball in his arm.
He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces. (结果)
鯤e dropped the plate and broke it into pieces.
(5)-ing形式与ed分词的否定式,由not+ -ing构成:
Not knowing how to do it, I asked him for help.
高三英语复习课件 篇6
教学重点:引导学生先仔细观察所给图片,掌握故事的中心意思。然后 依次确定出描述每幅图所需的中心词,并由词成句,由句成文。最后对文章的篇章结构进行修改,实现用词准确,行文流畅。
1.通过计算机展示上次作为作业的看图书面表达材料。(帮助回 顾、加深印象)
2.将含有学生在作业中所犯典型错误的文章展示出来,作为改错进 行练习。
1.学生两人一组,讨论文章的优缺点,并对错误之处进行修改。
2. 请找到错误的学生现场指出并改正错误之处,其他学生一起评判 对错:若改对了,教师可用鼠标单击文中的那处错误,原本隐含的修改部分便会显示出来;若没改对,可接着请其他学生帮忙。(在进行此步骤时,学生无须根据文章的先后逐行挑错,只要找到错误即可发言。)
3. 教师总结。首先,针对文中学生未找出或改对的错误,帮助学生一起改正。其次,对文中的错误之处进行分类(如:名词复数、动词时态、介词等),引起学生的重视。
通过计算机展示给学生一篇新的看图书面表达材料。要求学生仔细观察所给图片,掌握故事的中心意思。
1.学生两人一组(必要时可变为四人一组,增强协作性),针对每幅图进行讨论,并确定描述每幅图的中心词。
2. 按图片的先后顺序,分别要求几组学生将他们的讨论结果告诉大家,由大家一起来讨论用词是否恰当及如何改正。同时,教师将这些词按图片顺序依次输入计算机,展示给大家(也可通过实物投影仪展示)。
要求学生参考中心词,写出描述每幅图的一两个句子,输入计算机(若通过实物投影仪展示,可写在纸上)。
1.通过计算机,选取两位学生所写的第一幅图的两组句子,展示给大家(也可通过实物投影仪展示)。和其他学生一起对句中的语法错误进行修改。
2. 重复此步骤,展示其它几幅图的句子。
3. 从每幅图的两组句子中各挑选一组,将这些刚改正的无语法错误的句子,通过计算机组合成文,重新展示给学生。
要求学生先朗读全文(由于此时的文章是由各自独立的句子罗列而成,句子之间必然缺乏连贯性。学生只有通读全文,才会发现)。然后分组讨论如何对篇章结构进行修改,使文章更连贯。
1.通过计算机,请学生先对他们认为不连贯的地方进行修改,教师引导其他学生进行讨论并给予必要的补充和修改,实现用词准确、行文流畅。
2.展示范文并指出范文中的精彩之处。
总结写此类看图书面表达的思路:掌握全文中心--确定每幅图的中心词--由词成句--由句成文--修改篇章结构。
发给学生另一篇看图书面表达材料,要求学生根据本课所学思路独力完成。
II. Teaching Aim: According to the pictures of a story, teach the students how to write a story using the effective sentences.
III. Key Points: Teach the students how to get the key words of each picture and how to use effective sentences to complete a coherent composition.
VI. Teaching Procedure:
Present the composition with the typical mistakes made by the students to the class.
1.Let the students work in pairs to discuss the composition and try to find out as many mistakes as they can.
2.Ask some students to correct the mistakes in public. At the same time, present the right ones to the whole class.
3.Classify the typical mistakes.
Present the pictures of a story to the class. Give the students two minutes to look through the pictures and try to get the main idea of the story.
1.Let the students work in groups of four to get the key words of each picture orally.
2. Ask several students to report their answers to the rest of the class. Present these key words to the whole class.
According to the key words, ask the students to write down their own sentences about each picture.
1.Present two students’ sentences about Picture 1 to the class as models, and then correct their grammar mistakes with the whole class.
2.Present another two students’ sentences about Picture 2 to the class and correct the grammar mistakes too.
3.Repeat this step with the other pictures.
4.Choose either of the models from each picture to make up a passage. Present it to the class.
Step 7.Discussion Give the students a few minutes to discuss how to make these sentences more effective and how to make this passage more coherent.
rrect this passage with the whole class.
2.Present the model to the class.
3.Emphasize the way of writing this kind of composition.
Write another story as homework.
高三英语复习课件 篇7
英语阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,而是要求阅读者根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义,这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此,考生应在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,哲学原理,并借助一定的常识进行分析,推理,判断。
推理题经常使用的提问方式有:
It can be inferred/ concluded that___________.
Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?
The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.
The writer suggests that___________.
What's the author's attitude toward___________?
The writer probably feels that___________.
The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.
判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动,但它并非无章可循。
推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上,掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础;②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,由表入里,由浅入深,从具体到抽象,从特殊到一般,通过分析、综合、判断等,进行深层处理,符合逻辑地推理。不能就是论事,断章取义,以偏概全。③要忠实于原文,以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知,推断未知。立足现在,预测未来。不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系,了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调,揣摸作者的态度,摸准逻辑发展的方向,悟出作者的弦外之音。
要求考生根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth瞭ellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth瞭eller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native,“Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, “He said he lives on the western side of the island.”
Is the messenger a truth瞭eller or not? How can the visitor be sure?
1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________
A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.
B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.
C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.
D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.
2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to his answer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?
A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.
B. He may live on the western side of the island.
C. He may be telling the truth.
D. He can't be telling the truth.
【解析】 第1题是推测有关信使(近处的当地人)的情况的。我们知道,讲真话的部落住在岛的西部,撒谎的部落住在岛的东部。这个信使去问远方的当地人住在岛的哪一边(东部还是西部)。远方的当地人只能有两种情况,要么住在岛的西部,要么住在岛的东部。如果他住在岛的西部,他就是一个讲真话的人,他就会如实回答他住在西部。如果他住在岛的东部,他就是一个撒谎的人。他本来住在东部,但在回答时,必须要说谎,他只能回答他住在西部。所以远方的当地人不管是住在东部还是西部,他的回答只有一个:“我住在西部”。如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在西部,信使无疑是说了真话,那么信使一定是住在岛的西部。反之,如果信使告诉参观者远方的当地人住在东部,那么信使就说了假话,信使肯定住在东部。故此题答案是A。
第2题是推测远方的当地人的情况的。从短文提供的信息来看,我们无法判定远方的当地是住在岛的东部还是岛的西部,两种情况都是可能存在的。此题要注意情态动词的语气。A.“他可能住在岛的西部”;B.“他可能住在岛的东部”;C.“他可能讲了真话”。上述A、B、C三种情况都是可能的。D.“他不可能讲真话”,语气太绝对。推测错误。故答案为D。
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵,理解文章的真正含义。
When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signedme to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“Are you single?“ “Why, yes.” I answered, smiling at her happily.
“So is my mother.“ she said, “Would you like to meet her?”
1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.
A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her
C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love withhim
2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.
A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother
C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much
【解析】 这是两道推测原因的题目。女服务员每天向作者示好,作者产生误解,以为女孩对他有意。考虑到他们年龄相差悬殊,作者认为女孩爱上他有点奇怪。故第1题答案是D。女孩问作者是否单身,并提到她母亲也是单身,并邀请他与她母亲见面,可见,女孩每天向他问好,目的是想取得他的好感,进而搓和他和她母亲。第2题答案是C。
The entertainment profession or “show business“ attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager ,a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old瞗ashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must changehis “act” in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians ,but perhaps most of all singers.
“Pop“ stands for “popular” and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans“.The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir”(纪念品). They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And - most important - he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public .
1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________.
A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests
C. To help him to change his “act“ D .So that he can relax
2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________
A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public
B. Because he wants to sell more records
C. Because he wants to become popular
D. Because he wants to stay popular
【解析】 1. 答案为B。因果推断题。根据Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .我们可以知道,正因为这个行业竞争激烈,所以表演者需要一个好的经纪人。帮助演员策划和安排商业表演活动,协助他的演艺事业的发展。故B项正确。
2. 答案为D。因果推断题。Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. 一个成名演员要更加努力地工作,直接原因文中已有论述,即,表演行业是个竞争十分激烈的行业,新人不断涌现,对成名演员造成很大的压力。那么间接原因是什么?通过前面的分析我们可以推断出成名演员更加买力地工作,是因为他要保持他的名气,延长他的艺术生命。
Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn. The next morning, he went to thank the ﹊nnkeeper.ァ癥ou, have served me well, innkeeper, ” said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want.“
“Sir, we want nothing, ” said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something?“ァ癢hat is it?” Napoleon asked.
“We have heard a story.“ said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. You happened to be in the village. You hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?” Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.
At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.
“Please, sir.“ begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! we meant nothing!” The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!“ The wife screamed. “Stop!” said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?“
1. Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for?
A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.
B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.
C. He showed his玸ympathy(同情) to Napoleon in time of danger.
D. He was interested in other's failure, especially Napoleon's.
2. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?
A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.
B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.
C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.
D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.
【解析】 1. 此题为因果推断题。根据“Sir, we want nothing, ” said the innkeeper.“But will you tell us something?“ 可以看出来,这个店老板问拿破仑这个问题是出于好奇。他想知道作为将军的拿破仑与普通人到底有什么区别。故答案为A。
2. 因果推断题。从最后一句话“Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?” 可以看出拿破仑并不想杀这个店老板,他这样做的目的是想让他体验一下他当时的感受。故可推出面对危险像拿破仑这样的将军与普通人没有什么两样。故答案为D。
高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要注意:
1)由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思,切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
2)特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言,以及表达感情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “That's right,“ said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They 're all dead.”
“Well sir,“ said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”
The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't. You look fit and healthy to me!“
1. What kind of man would you say the old man was?
A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant.
C. He was very proud and sure of his health.
D. He was very impolite to young people.
【解析】 记者希望在老人100岁生日时能再访老人,希望他能活到100岁。而老人故意歧解记者的话(我看不出你明年为什么不能采访我?你好像还很健康呀!)表现了老人对自己健康状态的自信。答案为C。
Three men were discussing how to玠onate(捐献) money to God. At first they couldn't agree with each other, then they each told his own idea.
The first man said: “Let's draw a small circle on the ground and throw coins to the ground. The money out of the circle belongs to God.”
The second man added, “We will donate the coins inside the circle to God because God is in our hearts.“
The third man said: “Your ideas are not bad, but I have a better idea than yours. Let's throw coins into the sky. The coins that God accepts belong to him. So God can accept as much money as he can.”
At last, they agreed to the last idea, and they began to throw coins to the sky happily.
1. According to the passage, we can draw a conclusion:
A. All the three men were kind瞙earted.
B. The third man is more generous(大方)than the other two.
C. None of them believed in God.
D. Three men are all stingy(吝啬) people.
【解析】 从三人提的建议看,他们三人都不乐意给上帝捐钱,三人都是吝啬的人,故选D。
有些内容文章中没有明确说明,要求考生根据语篇,对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写,也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述),从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。
We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processing(数据处理) and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However…
1. Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about inthe third paragraph?
A. Computers will soon stop developing.
B. Computers are as clever as man.
C. Many people like computers very much.
D.I don't think computers will replace us completely.
【解析】 本文采用了对比关系来描写。前面描写了计算机的优势,但作者用 however 一词预示将引出相反的观点,答案为D。
There was ice on the road, and the doctor's car hit a tree and turned over three times. To his surprise, he was not hurt .He got out of the car and walkedto the nearest house, he wanted to telephone the玤arage(汽车修理厂) for help. The door was opened by one of his patients.
“Oh, Doctor.“ she said, “I have only just telephoned you. You must have a very fast car. You have got here very quickly indeed. There has been a very bad accident in the road outside. I saw it through the window. I am sure the driver will need your help”.
1. Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?
A. “Yes, he does need help - your help, not mine.“
B. “Another accident? I've just had an accident myself?”
C. “I got your call and rushed over. I hope I'm not too late.“
D. “I didn't get your call. But I'm here and hope I can help”.
【解析】 出事故的车恰恰是医生的车,当他听他的病人说出事司机需要帮助时,他会不失幽默地说:“是的,他需要帮助,是你的帮助,而不是我的帮助”。--他要借用病人家的电话给修车厂打电话。答案是A。
此题型要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象,客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求同学们不但能理解文章的内容,同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
Imagine that the genome(基因组) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube.
1. The real purpose of the author's comparison of the genome to a book is___________.
A. to focus on the differences between the two
B. to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two
C. to simplify the concept of the human genome
D. to give an exact description of the human genome
【解析】 “基因组”是一个非常抽象难懂的科学术语。作者在这里把“基因组”比作一本书,使一般读者能通俗形象地了解“基因组”的概念。故答案为C。
Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday瞞akers and othertourists(观光者).
Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town's newspaper. The Beldon Post: FIRE AT SEABREEZE
Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors: “Please don't smoke cigarettes in bed.“ This was Beldon's first hotel fire for five years.
The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one:
ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE
Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday瞞aker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.
” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.
What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.
Now what do you think of the rest of the “news“ ?
1. The Canfield Times used the 玥eadline(标题)like this in order to make its readers think ___________.
A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire
B. hotels in Beldon don't often catch fire
C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel
D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe
【解析】 答案为 A。作者意图推断题。本文通过两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道,对新闻报道的真实性提出了怀疑。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个关键词,暗示了Beldon的宾馆火灾频繁。
高三英语复习课件 篇8
总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态: 英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态
1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:
现在 do / does am / is / are doing have / has done have / has been doing
过去 did was / were doing had done had been doing
将来 shall / will do shall / will be doing shall / will have done X
如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be
2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:
现在 am / is / are done am / is / are being done have / has been done X
过去 was / were done was / were being done had been done X
将来 shall / will be done X shall / will have been done X
另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done
一.一般现在时:
1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示
2.用法:
a. It is fine today.
b. I am a student.
c. I get up at six every day.
d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.
a. Japan is to the east of China.
b. The sun rises in the east.
c. A horse is a useful animal.
③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等
a. My train leaves at 6:30.
b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.
a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.
b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.
c. I will be away when he arrives.
d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.
e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.
f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.
⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作
a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.
b. There goes the bell.
⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作
a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !
a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.
①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作
a. I am writing a letter.
b. My mother is making a dress these few days.
②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用
a. They are going to Shanghai on Friday.
b. John is coming here next week.
③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作
a. The little boy is always asking questions.
b. You are always saying that sort of thing.
④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等
a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)
b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)
c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)
⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, own, have, be, seem等
a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )
b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)
c. The concert has started. ( =The concert started and is now going on. )
d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )
②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语
a. I have studied English since 1987.
b. He has lived here for two years.
c. He has been ill for ten days.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关
②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用
a. She has already come.
b. I have met him before.
c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.
d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?
e. I have seen him this morning.
四.现在完成进行时:
①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响
②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续
a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)
b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)
3.用法:
①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止
a. I have been reading the book all the morning.
b. He has been staying here for two hours.
c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.
a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.
4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行
a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信 (强调结果)
b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信 (强调“一直在写”)
c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调“读过”这一结果)
d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书 (强调“一直在读”)
2.用法:
①.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况, 其中包括习惯性动作
a. I met him yesterday.
b. I used to go to school early every morning.
c. He entered the classroom, sat down at his desk and began to work.
d. Last night, I listened to the radio for two hours and went to bed at midnight.
a. Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home.
③.用一般过去时的句子一般有过去的时间状语, 有时也用地点状语暗示动作的发生是在过去
a. Have you seen a pen ? I left it here this morning.
a. This time yesterday we were having an important meeting.
b. A year ago we were living in Shanghai.
②.过去进行时常与always, continually, frequently等词连用, 表示过去经常发生或反复发生的情况
a. The old man was always losing his way.
b. The two brothers were frequently quarrelling.
③.表示过去将要发生的动作, 这一用法仅限于一些表示位置转移的动词, 如: go, come, start, stay, leave等
④.过去进行时经常与一般过去时配合使用, 过去进行时表示过去的时间背景
a. The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.
2.用法:
①.表示过去某时间或动作以前己经完成的动作或己存在的状态, 即“过去的过去”
a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.
b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.
c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.
d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.
②.在带有after / before引导的时间状语的句子中, 由于after / before本身的词义己经表明了时间的先后, 所以这类句子中常用一般过去时代替过去完成时
a. We left the house before it began to rain.
b. I didn’t wait long before he came.
c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.
d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
八.过去完成进行时:
2.用法: 表示一直持续进行到过去某一时刻的动作, 该动作可能刚刚结束, 也可能还在进行
a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.
b. By the end of he had been learning English for five years.
1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人称), 此结构表示单纯的将来, 不涉及主语的主观意愿
a. I shall be twenty years old next year.
b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.
c. The train will arrive soon.
2.be going to do sth, 此结构表示打算最近或将来要做某事, 或说话人根据己有迹象认为非常可能即将发生的事
a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.
b. He is going to stay here for a week.
c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.
d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.
3.be +动词不定式, 此结构表示职责, 义务, 意图, 约定, 可能性等
a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.
b. There is to be a sports meet next week.
c. We are to meet at the school gate.
4.be about to do sth, 此结构表示“立刻, 马上”要做某事或发生某情况
a. We are about to leave.
b. Autumn harvest is about to start.
a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.
b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.
a. I will be seeing him next month.
b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.
c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.
十一.将来完成时:
2.用法: 表示在将来的某一时刻之前将要完成的动作, 这一动作也可能继续进行
a. By seven o’clock this afternoon we shall have arrived in Shanghai if the train keeps good line.
b. Before noon we will have completed this work.
十二.过去将来时:
a. He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.
b. He told me that I should succeed.
a. They were going to have a meeting.
b. The students were going to plant some trees around the playground.
a. We were to finish the work in three days.
b. I was about to go out when a friend dropped in.
2.用法: 过去将来时表示相对过去某一时刻来说将要发生的动作或呈现的状态, 以上各形式的具体用法与一般将来时各形式的用法相似
a. The work must be done right now.
b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.
a. His bike has been stolen.
b. This window was broken last night.
a. China was liberated in 1949.
b. I was told you were late this morning.
a. The plan has already been made.
b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.
三.主动句变被动句:
a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
→I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
2.带有宾语从句的主动句变被动句时, 宾语从句变成主语从句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主语it
a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.
→It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.
3.带有双宾语的主动句变被动句时, 将直接宾语或间接宾语变成被动句的主语都可
a. My brother gave me a birthday present.
→I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.
4.带有复合宾语 (即宾语+宾补) 的主动句变被动句时, 宾补的形式一般不变, 只是名称变成了主补, 但当宾补是不带to的不定式时, 要变成带to的不定式
a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.
5.含有短语动词的主动句变成被动句时, 不要遗漏短语动词中的介词或副词
a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.
四.应注意的问题:
a. The children were excited at the news.
b. We are interested in the English novel.
c. The mother was worried about her son’s absence.
b. This kind of cloth washed very well.这种布很耐洗
c. This pen writes quite smoothly.这支笔很好使
d. This dish tastes good.这道菜味道不错
e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.这料子摸起光滑柔软
3.不是所有的及物动词都有被动语态, 某些表示状态或关系的动词或短语动词只有主动语态, 而无相对应的被动语态. 常见的这类动词有: cost花费, fit适合, have有, hold容纳, lack缺乏, own拥有, suit适合, fail失败, belong to属于, agree with同意
高三英语复习课件 篇9
单项选择题是考查学生对句子的层次,对语法规则、词汇等掌握的情况,通过设定语境,词语或某些成分的位置变化等将考查知识与能力结合起来,突出语言的交际性、灵活性,实现知识与能力相结合的目标。有些题看起来似乎很难,很复杂,但只要学会掌握正确的分析问题的方法,那么,一切难题都是可以解答的。下面就一些题型的解题思路与技巧作一些归纳。
例.1. There are two small rooms in the house, ______is served as a kitchen .
A. the smaller of them B. the smaller of which
C. the smaller one D. the small one
2. ______ is well known, _____ Taiwan is part of China .
A. It; that B. It; which C. As; / D. As; that
例. --- Is Mrs White in the office ?
--- Yes, _____ she is on duty, she must be there today .
A. since B. until C. if D. while
例. I went to Beijing last week; ______ I met an old friend of mine .
A. there B. which C. where D. that
例. _____ some of this juice--- perhaps you’ll like it .
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried
例. ______ several times, but he still does not know how to do it properly .
C. Having been shown D. I have shown him
例. 1. _____, we all went out for a picnic .
A. Being a fine day B. As being a fine day
C. It was a fine day D. It being a fine day
例. ____ can anyone be sure ______ look like in a million years ?
A. What; man will B. What; will man
C. That; man will D. That; will man
例. 1. Yu Gong talked of the difficulty he _____ the mountains in front of his house .
2. In my opinion, it is the best use _____ could be ______ this money .
C. which; made from D. that; made of
例. It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Drof. Havries ____ they did the experiment .
例. She looks forward every night to _____ American to study .
例. ____ we had been looking forward to .
A. After Kate stands the new teacher
B. Before Rose the new teacher stood
例. It was said ____ was ____ the Chinese raised silkworms .
A. that that; what B. what that; how
C. that that; how D. that what; that
1.判断动作的执行者:
例.1. --- Do you have any letters _____ , sir ?
--- Thank you . I have had them _____ .
A. typed; typed B. typing; typing
C. to type; type D. to be typed; typed
2.--- Do you have many exercises ______ tonight, Tom ?
--- Yes . Our teachers give us lots of exercises every day .
2. 从问答中找信息:
例. 1.--- Didn’t you pass the exam ?
--- _____, or I couldn’t _____ by my parents .
A. No, I did; be scolded B. No, I didn’t; have been scolded
C. Yes, I do; have scolded D. Yes, I did; have been scolded
2.--- Can I have _____ orange, Mum ?
--- Oh. Your sister has had it .
A. another B. an C. one more D. the other
3. 从谓语动词的时态来判断:
例. 1. The students feel happy that the building _____ is for the teachers, though there is much noise .
2. He must ____ a shower, for I can hear the water ______ .
C. have; running D. be having; running
3. The price _____, but I doubt whether it will remain so .
C. has gone down D. was going down
4. 从句中的时间状语来判断:
例. 1. The house _____ are for the teachers and construction work will begin soon .
A. built B. to be built C. to build D. being built
2. The teachers have moved into the new houses ______ last term .
A. built B. to be built C. being built D. having been built
3. The houses ______ now near the school are for our teachers .
A. are being built B. being built
根据某些语法规则及对话体, 句中的某些成分是可以省略的。而出题的人往往采用省略。
例. 1. People shake hands and say “ How do you do ?” when ______ to each other .
A. being introduced B. introducing
2. When _____ some questions about the accident, the manager of the coal mine kept silent .
A. ask B. being asked C. asked D. asking
例. If _____, the material will give ______ an unpleasant smell .
例. 1. An apple is _____, if not better than , an orange .
2. Of course they were later than ______; but _____ they were in time to start the game .
A. expected; at all B. expecting; in all
C. we expected; after all D. expected; after all
例. This is the first film ______ I have seen in my life .
A. which B. where C. what D. /
例--Mum, why do you always ask me to drink a glass of milk every day?
-----------______enough protein and nutrition as you______
A . Get, grow up B. Getting, grow up
C. To get, are growing up D. To be getting, are growing up
例1.-----What do you think makes Jane so sad?
--------______ the news that her father died yesterday.
A. Because she heard B. She heard C. Hearing D . Heard
2.We should do all ____ we can ______ the poor children in the western area
A. what .help B. that , to help C. what, to help D. that, help
例.With lots of trees and flowers _____ here and there, our school looks very beautiful.
A. having planted B. planted C. having been planted D. to be planted
例.______ the yard ,I found it_____ with lots of ______ leaves.
A. Entering, covering, falling B. Entering, covered, fallen
C. Entering , covering ,fallen D. Having entered, covered, falling
例.___________,it wasn’t a dad holiday.
A. Considering everything B. Considered everything
C . Considering anything D. Considered anything
弄清楚句中的动词是及物还是不及物动词是决定主动语态还是被动语态的关键,是选非谓语动词形式的关键。
例.Without the teacher_______ us, none of us tried our best in the running
A. times B. timing C. timed D. time
例.1. The old scientist often has his light ______ all night long
A. burn B. burned C. burning D. to be burned__
2.The boy lay on the ground, with his eyes_______ straight upward, and his teeth_________
A. looking, setting B. looked ,set C. looking, set D. looked, setting
例.1.Never_______ faith in himself, the scientist went on with his research
A. losing B. to lose C. lost D. to be lost
2. _______ in thought , Einstein knocked into the tree
A. Lost B. To lose C. Losing D. To be lost
例. _______ great help, I could get rid of all the difficulty and succeeded
A. Offered B. Having offered C. Being supplied D. Having supplied
例.The Yellow river, ______ “the mother river”, runs across like a huge dragon
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to be called
与省略相反,编者按语法规则增加一些成分或变换句子的语序等使原来的句子的结构发生变化,使之复杂化
例.Is this hotel_____ you said we could stay in your letter?
A. the one B. which C. where D. that
2. Who has the manager_______ the machine?
A. repaired B. have repaired C. had repaired d. to repair
例.It was with great courage________ the boy told the truth_______
A. which, that B. when, that C. as, that D. that, that
例.The scientist has developed a new kind of plant, _____ of great value to farming.
A. which he thinks is B. which he thinks it is
C. which he thinks it D. he thinks which is
例.The young man, who was caught______ the lady’s purse in the shop, was taken to the police station.
A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stole
例.1. They are talking about the difficulty the kind old man_______ a hope school for the children.
A. has set up B. has to set up C. setting up D. has setting up
2. Hearing the news, he rushed out, ____ the book____ on the table and disappeared.
A. left, lain upon B. leaving, lying upon C. leaving, lie upon D. left, lay opened
例.Salesmen are so smart that customers can’t help_____ to buy something they don’t really need.
A. to be persuaded B. persuading C. being persuade D. be persuaded
例.The old scientist is considered______ the mobile phone.
A. inventing B. to invent C. to have invented D. having invented
例.1. She left a child,______ home as an old woman.
A. and returned B. returning C. to return D. returned
2. It was a matter of _____ would take the position
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
高三英语复习课件 篇10
英语写作是高考考试要点,下面让我们来看看英语写作基础知识点之句子的知识点归纳!
☆定语和状语(时间、地点等)都属于附加成分,在基本句型中一般都不列出。
☆时态包含于句子中,任何句子都有时态。
It will rain tomorrow.
He often runs in the morning.
They cried.
Tom exercises every day.
I miss my mother very much.
She wants to go home now.
The English club is going to hold an English party.
They all love her.
The music sounds wonderful.
The leaves have turned red.
She is a student.
We keep silent about that.
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物):S+V+IO+DO
The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.
They told me an interesting story.
The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.
My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.
Miss Smith teaches us English.
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语: S+V+O+C
They call me Xiao Wang.
I saw him swimming in the river.
We elected him monitor of the class.
1.In other words,we are the master of our own future.
2.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.
3.A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand.
4.Should we sacrifice our children’s future for our own interests?
5.Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance.
6. The sun sets in the west.
7. My dictionary is in the bookcase.
8. Rainy days make me sad.
9. Tom often hears his sister singing in the next room.
10. She has not received a letter from her boyfriend for a long time.
11. The woman showed her husband a picture.
12. The student offered a seat to the old man.
13. Mr. Green taught us how to use the Internet.
14. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
15. He is becoming stronger and stronger.
16. He gave up smoking at last.
17. The plane takes off at 8:30 a.m.
18. All of them laughed.
19. Everybody likes Andy Lau.